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Around 1000 BCE Bananas, Taro and Purple Yams moves from Asia to East Africa. (journals.openedition.org)
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Around 1000 BCE Rats, Taro and Purple Yams were unintentionally brought from Asia to East Africa on ships.(journals.openedition.org)
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The main ports of trade in India were Barbaricum, Barygaza, Muziris, Korkai, Kaveripattinam and Arikamedu. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_maritime_history)
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Monsoon winds were understood and utilized for ocean travel and trade in the Indian Ocean. (indianoceanhistory.org)
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The maritime silk road was created by an earlier maritime route known as Austronesian spice trade route that was used by the Southeast Asian Islanders with Sri Lanka and Southern India. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_Silk_Road)
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Sacred texts from the spread of religions across the Indian ocean regions influenced languages, scripts and storytelling. These regions also exchanged religious deities. (indianoceanhistory.org)
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After 500 BCE Darius I the Persian ruler at the time, sent Greek and Roman sailors into the Indian Ocean. (indianoceanhistory.org)
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The Achaemenid Empire was involved in the Indian Ocean trade.
(thoughtco.com/indian-ocean-trade-routes-195514) -
Alexander the Great sends Nearchus one of his admirals on a famous voyage from the Indus River to the Arabian Gulf. (indianoceanhistory.org)
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Alexander now the ruler of the Persian Empire invades the Indian subcontinent. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_campaign_of_Alexander_the_Great)
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During the Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta Maurya there was a Navy created that lasted until 185 BCE. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_maritime_history)
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Between 600 and 300 BCE,
Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism spread into Southeast Asia. (indianoceanhistory.org) -
Around this time it has been recognized that Indian and Arab ships are known to have sailed from Southern Arabia to the Malabar (western) coast of India and back. This is the same time Austronesian sailed from the eastern ocean to the west.(indianoceanhistory.org)
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From the Periplus Maris Erythraei there is documention of Greco-Roman merchants selling in Barbaricum "thin clothing, figured linens, topaz, coral, storax, frankincense, vessels of glass, silver and gold plate, and a little wine" in exchange for "costus, bdellium, lycium, nard, turquoise, lapis lazuli, Seric skins, cotton cloth, silk yarn, and indigo.( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_maritime_history)
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Arsinoe, Berenice and Myos Hormos were the main trading ports of the Roman Empire.(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_maritime_history)
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Trade between Rome and India was started by Eudoxus of Cyzicus on his1st voyage to India using the monsoon winds. He also had help from an unknown Indian who had been shipwrecked in the Red Sea. (Wikipedia Eudoxus Cyzicus)
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Around 118 BCE after Eudoxus' 1st voyage to India he returned with aromatics and precious stones.(Wikipedia Eudoxus Cyzicus)
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After returning from his 1st voyage to India, Eudoxus made his 2nd voyage to India.(Wikipedia Eudoxus Cyzicus)
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The Roman-Persian Wars lasted 681 years causing conflicts around Indian Ocean port cities and trade routes. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Persian_Wars_)
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Strabo a Greek geographer and historian documented Roman and Indian trade. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_maritime_history)
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Lead coins from the Satavahanas, an Ancient Indian Dynasty, have been found from the 1st-2nd century CE stamped with Indian Naval Ships. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_maritime_history)
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Han Dynasty in China was involved in Indian Ocean trade.
(thoughtco.com/indian-ocean-trade-routes-195514) -
The Roman Empire was involved in the Indian Ocean trade.
(thoughtco.com/indian-ocean-trade-routes-195514)