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Tenement House Act
The Tenement House Act defined what a tenement was and tried to add sanitation to the tenements. Most immigrants, especially in large cities, lived in what were called flats, or small apartments. Most had no windows, and no indoor restroom. The Tenement House Act had good intentions, but it wasn't carried out, so it didn't do much for tenants. http://www.mapsites.net/gotham/webpages/canfield/Images/tenement_inside.jpg -
Burlingame Treaty
This treaty limited Chinese immigration. Chinese had been immigrating since the 1830s. Many had come for the California Gold Rush in the 50s, and to work on the railroad in the 60s.
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Naturalization Act
The Naturalization Act limited immigration to white and African peoples. Chinese and other Asians were listed under a different category and weren't allowed to become citizens until 1943.
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Steam Ships became the main means of travel over seas
Steam ships could carry more people and cargo, and could also travel quicker and more dependably, as it didn't rely on the winds like it had before. -
Compulsory Education Law
This law forced children ages 8-14 to attend school at least 14 weeks a year. Many kids didn't go to school before then, instead working in factories, and shining shoes, and other low-paying jobs to help support their families.
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4.1 million Italians came to the U.S.
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Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act limited the number of Chinese immigrants, because they were willing to work for cheaper, and were taking Americans jobs. The right of immigration for Chinese was suspended for ten years. In 1902, even more laws excluding Chinese immigrants were passed by Congress.
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More than 350,000 immigrants came to America from Europe in 1885
Because of the new transportation, people from all countries in Europe could now immigrate easier. Many people from Italy and other southeastern countries came to America to escape poverty and for a better life. Employers here took advantage of the new workers, who were willing to work many hours for low wage. Most immigrants took jobs working in mines, factories/mills, and on the railroads.
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Factory Act
The Factory Act forbid children under age 13 to work in factories (in 1899, the age was raised to 14), this law did not apply in stores and businesses.
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Bureau of Immigration is founded within the Treasury Department.
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Ellis Island is opened in New York.
Ellis Island was the new federal government processing center for immigrants coming through New York. It is estimated that more than 70% of all immigrants came through what came to be known as the "Golden Door."
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New Law for Education Passed
Kids ages 8 to 12 were now made to go to school full time, and kids ages 12 to 14 were made to go 80 days a year (when not employed, full time).
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The Phillipines come under U.S. control.
The United States gained control of many territories after the Spanish-American War.
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Mass Killings of Jews started in Russia
Many Jews came to America to escape these killings and other Anti-Semitic movements in Europe. By 1920, there were 500,000 Jews in New York City alone. -
The pensionado program is passed
Filipinos were now allowed to study in the United States. Since most Filipinos were Roman Catholic, it was easier for them to immigrate to the U.S. than people with different religions from other Asian countries. In this same year, more laws were passed excluding Chinese immigration.
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Finch-Hill Act
This law was the result of child labor revolts. It blamed employers for illegally employed children (before then, laws involving child labor weren't followed closely). It also forbid children under 16 to work more than 9 hours a day.
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Another Bill Requiring Children to go to School until they are 14 is Passed
Once fourteen, children could get there work papers, but there were no national child labor prevention laws passed until the 1930s.
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Gentlemen's Agreement
The Gentlemen's Agreement stopped further Japanese immigration, because nativists (people against immigration) were worried that the Japanese were becoming too successful in America.
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Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire
There were insufficient fire escapes and other precautions against fire, more than 100 Jewish women died. Many immigrants came to America to make money, and then went back home, but no European countries would take Jews, so they all stayed. They formed labor unions, and helped with the reform movement.
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Webb Alien Land Law
This law forbid Japanese ownership of land.
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Congress overrides Wilson's veto of a literacy test for immigrants
An adult now had to be able to read forty words in any language.
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Johnson-Reed Act, or Immigration Act
This was the first act to put a permanent limit on immigration. It put a quota of about 165,000 annually, and forbid Japanese immigration.
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Multiple Dwellings Law
This law required major remodeling to tenements everywhere, but the owners didn't want to pay, so they just evicted the tenants and razed the buildings instead.
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First "public house" is built
"Public houses" were the new tenements after the Multiple Dwellings Law was pased in 1929. The new apartments were managed by the local and federal government.
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