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These were a varied group of scholars and charlatans who believed in the Philosopher's Stone and the four main elements; fire, water, earth, and air. get the harry potter reference? -
A Greek scientist credited with the idea of the atom. He thought that if you were to break something down again and again, eventually you'd get something unbreakable. The Greek word for indivisible is atomos, which is very close to the word we use today, atom. -
Plato thought there was a fifth element called aether which would act similarly to the pre-established elements. He stated that the stars, planet, and sun were comprised of aether. -
An Irish philosopher and chemist, Boyle created his own law stating that a gas' volume and pressure are inversely proportional. He supported corpuscularianism which defined matter in the movements of its particles rather than the earth, air, fire, and water nonsense. -
Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier revolutionized chemistry with his law of conservation of matter. He name several substances as elements when he judged they couldn't break down into anything simpler. Many of these names are still around today but he was guillotined so he could be HEADING in the right direction. Let's FACE it I really stuck my NECK out for that one. -
An English scientist born in 1766 was actually inspired to work with atoms due to his fascination with weather. He created Dalton's law which stated that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases. -
Mr. Avacado hypothesized that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. -
J. J. Thomson worked with beams of electrons to find their properties. By having the electrons interact with electric and magnetic fields, he was able to determine the mass and charge ratio of an electron. He knew then that the electron came from the atom. -
Pierre and Marie discovered the radioactive radium and polonium elements which occur in uranium naturally. Marie named radioactivity for the emission of ionizing rays by certain elements. -
Albert Einstein proved the existence of the atom mathematically. Atomic theory says that molecules make up every liquid, and that these molecules are in constant, random motion. -
Dmitri created the periodic table of elements we know today by listing all elements in order of atomic weight. The table displayed a re-occurring pattern of properties within groups of elements. -
Robert Millikan discovered there's a fundamental electric charge, of the electron. Rutherford proved that atoms have a small dense positively charged nucleus. -
Ernest shot alpha particles, which were just the nucleus of a helium atom, at thin gold foil. Some went through the foil. and some bounced off. This effectively disproved the plum pudding model and Rutherford figured out that the negative electrons orbited a central, positive nucleus. -
Niels Bohr created a model of the atom to incorporate color into his model. His model was a system consisting of a dense nucleus being orbited by much smaller electrons, not too dissimilar to our solar system. -
Henry concluded the significance of the atomic number which was the amount of positive charges (protons) in the nucleus. -
Erwin Schrödinger "showed that the quantization of the hydrogen atom's energy levels that appeared in Niels Bohr atomic model could be calculated by the Schrödinger equation."
-britannica.com He also created mathematical equations to find the probability of locating an electron at a certain point. -
Werner discovered the uncertainty principal which states that a particle's position and momentum cannot be known exactly. -
James Chad[wick] discovered the existence of the neutron which had about the same mass as a proton but with no charge. It shared the nucleus with the protons. This helped created the atomic bomb. -
This is where I cite my sources.
I used a small amount. courses.lumenlearning.com
sciencehistory.org
wired.com
wikipedia.com
brittanica.com
abyss.uoregon.com
atomicheritage.com
nature.com
flexbooks.ck12.org
ans.org
histroy.aip.org