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Etienne-Jules Marey
Created the chronophotographic gun, which recorded 12 frames a second onto the same image. Was mainly used to study movement of animals. He also helped pioneer high-speed film and with better picture quality. His research into capturing images has massively influenced and affected the industry. -
Le-Prince
Inventor who shot the first moving image on a single lens camera. In 1888 he created a 16 lens camera which incorperated a projector. Because of this he is often considered the 'King of Cinematography'. -
The Lumiere Brothers
Debuted 10 short films, at around 50 seconds each, in Paris. -
Le Voyage Dans Le Lune
This was a short film released in 1902, which was 14 minutes long at 16 frames a second. It was a silent film and was of the sci-fi genre. This is the first sci--fi movie and used innovative special effects at the time. -
Edwin Porter
Director of 'The Great Train Robbery', a 14 minute film released in 1903. The film was one of the first to use many techniques such as cross-cutting, camera movement, and shooting on-location. -
Charlie Chaplin
Charlie Chaplin was an actor, director and composer and was considered the most famous film star in the world before World War One. He recieved an Academy Award in the first ever Oscars ceremony in 1929. Six of his films have been selected for presevation in the National Film Registery. -
Luis Brunel
A film maker from spain, who moved to Paris to attend film school. His debut film, 'Un Chien Andalou', was released in 1929 and was 16 minutes long. -
Bilbao International Short Film Festival
Held in Spain, this was the first large scale film festival to focus primarily on short films. -
Ridley Scott
This now-famous director created a black and white short film, named 'Boy and Bicycle', in 1963. He used his younger brother and his dad as actors. This shows how many directors start out small, making short films. -
New French Wave
A term coined by critics, the New French Wave was a group of filmmakers in France in the late 1960s who were influenced by Italian Neorealism. Their movies often featured long tracking shots, cheap budgets (often using family and friends as crew and their own apartments as sets), improvised dialogue, breaking the 180-degree rule and jump cuts. Some key films from this group are 'The 400 Blows', 'Breathless' and 'Cleo From 5 to 7'. Two key directors were Francois Truffaut and Jean-Luc Goddard. -
Tim Burton
Whilst working as an animator at Disney, Burton created the short film 'Frankenweenie'. Now he is an established director, Burton is creating a feature length film of the same name, showing how directors often revist ideas from their short films. -
Christopher Nolan
Created the short film 'Larceny' in 1996. His first feature film, 'Following', contained many traits from this, showing how directors often adapt their short films into featues. The main role in 'Larceny' was played by Jeremy Theobald, who would later star in Nolan's first feature.