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Tis an example of the first four line of the Lord's Prayer in old english:
Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum
Si þin nama gehalgod
to becume þin rice
gewurþe ðin willa -
Those dates that don't have a specific month and day, I will just use the 1st of January.
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The exact date of the writing of the poem Beowulf is unknown, as is the author. The date is suspected to be sometime between 700 A.D. and 1000 A.D.
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The Norman conquest greatly influenced the English languages. The invading Norman's spoke a French dialect called Old Norman.
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Here's an example of middle English, which is the first four line of pslam 23 (the one that begins with "the Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want):
Lauerd me steres, noght wante sal me:
In stede of fode þare me louked he.
He fed me ouer watre ofe fode,
Mi saule he tornes in to gode. -
Though Chaucer began writing the tales in 1387, he didn't actually finish them until 1400.
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This invention by Johannes Gutenberg greatly helped to stabalize the English Language.
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Though many argue who first discovered America, for the sake of the timeline I will say it was Christopher Columbus.
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In the words of Shakespeare (in early modern English):
Why then the world's mine oyster,
Which I with sword will open. -
It was and is another great invention, besides the printing press, that helped to stabalize the English language.
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This collection of 36 plays was published in 1623.
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The invention new machinery and so forth forced the creation of new words to name and exlpain them.
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The Germanic Invasion gave rise to the true start of the English language. It was a combination of the languages of the Germanic people, which included the Angles, Saxons, Frisii, Jutes, and the Franks.