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For the first time, it was suggested that the existence of the smallest particles that make up all substances (atom) -
He creates a theory of the five elements: fire, water, earth, air and ether -
He developed an early version of the experimental method of research in chemistry and described many acids, made the experimental approach systematic and based on laboratory research, designed a part of modern laboratory glass equipment, devised and perfected the processes of distillation, liquefaction, crystallization, sublimation, amalgam, filtration
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He refuted alchemical transformations and the existence of the philosopher 's stone
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He developed methods for producing sulfuric acid and experimentally refuted Aristotle's theory about the four classical elements, classified natural and artificial substances
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He laid the foundations of modern pharmacology, he was the first to use the word "chemistry" -
He wrote the first equation of a chemical reaction -
He began his research in chemistry, developed the basic
ideas about the behavior of gases, he could then describe them mathematically, helped form the idea that small particles could combine to form molecules -
Joseph Black gets carbon dioxide, Henry Cavendish discovers hydrogen, Karl Wilhelm Scheele and Joseph Priestley independently discover oxygen
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He proposed the name oxygen and described its important role in gorenje, created the first system of chemical nomenclature, wrote the first modern textbook of chemistry (the first complete review of chemistry of that time, which includes the first description of the law of conservation of mass and contains the basics of stoichiometry and precise calculations in chemical analysis) -
He proposes the law of constancy of composition (the quantities of elements that make up substances are correlated as small integers) -
He proposed Dalton's laws, which describe the ratio between the components in a mixture of gases and the contribution of each component to the total pressure of the mixture, formulated the first modern scientific description of the atomistic theory and the full formulation of the law of multiple ratios -
He formulated Avogadro's law (the same volumes of gases at the same pressure and temperature contain the same number of molecules) -
He described in detail the system of symbols of chemical elements based on the designation of elements with one or two letters of the Latin name of the element and presented a table of atomic weights of the elements -
He was the first to vulcanize rubber -
He proposed Hess's law (the change in energy in a chemical process depends only on the state of reagents and products and does not depend on the path along which the reaction takes place between these states) -
Invented the process of destroying harmful microorganisms in liquid media, food products by heating them once and for a short time to temperatures below 100 ° C, usually by heating most often liquid products or substances to 60 ° C for 60 minutes or at a temperature of 70-80 ° C for 30 minutes -
He created a modern periodic system of chemical elements -
They independently created a model of chemical bonding -
He invented photo paper, the first inexpensive and non-flammable plastic of universal use