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440 BCE
Leucippus and Democritus
For the first time, it was suggested that the existence of the smallest particles that make up all substances (atom) -
350 BCE
Aristotle
He creates a theory of the five elements: fire, water, earth, air and ether -
Period: 722 to 815
Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber)
He developed an early version of the experimental method of research in chemistry and described many acids, made the experimental approach systematic and based on laboratory research, designed a part of modern laboratory glass equipment, devised and perfected the processes of distillation, liquefaction, crystallization, sublimation, amalgam, filtration -
Period: 801 to 873
Al Kindi
He refuted alchemical transformations and the existence of the philosopher 's stone -
Period: 824 to 925
Muhammad Ibn Zakaria al Razi (Rhazes)
He developed methods for producing sulfuric acid and experimentally refuted Aristotle's theory about the four classical elements, classified natural and artificial substances -
1530
Paracelsus
He laid the foundations of modern pharmacology, he was the first to use the word "chemistry" -
Jean Beguin
He wrote the first equation of a chemical reaction -
Robert Boyle
He began his research in chemistry, developed the basic
ideas about the behavior of gases, he could then describe them mathematically, helped form the idea that small particles could combine to form molecules -
Period: to
Discovery of the most important substances and chemical elements
Joseph Black gets carbon dioxide, Henry Cavendish discovers hydrogen, Karl Wilhelm Scheele and Joseph Priestley independently discover oxygen -
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
He proposed the name oxygen and described its important role in gorenje, created the first system of chemical nomenclature, wrote the first modern textbook of chemistry (the first complete review of chemistry of that time, which includes the first description of the law of conservation of mass and contains the basics of stoichiometry and precise calculations in chemical analysis) -
Joseph Proust
He proposes the law of constancy of composition (the quantities of elements that make up substances are correlated as small integers) -
John Dalton
He proposed Dalton's laws, which describe the ratio between the components in a mixture of gases and the contribution of each component to the total pressure of the mixture, formulated the first modern scientific description of the atomistic theory and the full formulation of the law of multiple ratios -
Amedeo Avogadro
He formulated Avogadro's law (the same volumes of gases at the same pressure and temperature contain the same number of molecules) -
Jens Jakob Berzelius
He described in detail the system of symbols of chemical elements based on the designation of elements with one or two letters of the Latin name of the element and presented a table of atomic weights of the elements -
Charles Gooyear
He was the first to vulcanize rubber -
Hermann Hess
He proposed Hess's law (the change in energy in a chemical process depends only on the state of reagents and products and does not depend on the path along which the reaction takes place between these states) -
Louis Pasteur
Invented the process of destroying harmful microorganisms in liquid media, food products by heating them once and for a short time to temperatures below 100 ° C, usually by heating most often liquid products or substances to 60 ° C for 60 minutes or at a temperature of 70-80 ° C for 30 minutes -
Dmitry Mendeleev
He created a modern periodic system of chemical elements -
Jacob Van't-Goff and Joseph Le Bel
They independently created a model of chemical bonding -
Leo Baekeland
He invented photo paper, the first inexpensive and non-flammable plastic of universal use