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The Nationality Act (Texas)
This act made speaking English a requirement for immigrants to become natrualized; often called a way to discriminate and exclude certain persons on the basis of language. -
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History of Bilingual Education
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National Defense Education Act 1958
Provided funding to both public and private schools in all grades to increas areas such as math, science and foreign language. More importantly, it provided aid to ELL programs. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act ensured that discrimination at any facility that was public to include schools was prohibited. This was significant because Title VI was also included in this and sunsequently prohibited discrimination in any federally funded program allowing for all students effective instruction in schools. Akthough bilingual education was not addressed specifically, this act opened doors for it. -
Bilingual Education Act of 1968
Signed by President Lydon Johnson, was the first federal bilingual education program. This act provided the funding needed to plan and develop lesson plans. Alloted supplemental funding for those schools who wanted to start programs for those with limited English. -
U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare Memorandum
This memorandum clarified school districts responsibility that if they have 5% or more of minority students then they must offer special language instruction for those students. -
Lau v. Nichols 1974
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of some Chinese American students in San Francisco who beleived that they were not receiving the assistance needed to assist in school with their limited English proficiency granted to them by the Civil Rights act of 1964 and Title VI. This ruling expanded to students nationwide who faced this same issue. -
Equal Education Opportunity Act of 1974
Reauthorized the acto of 1968. Expanded to include all ELLs regardless of economic background. Made it mandatory for all schools to comply whether they receive funding or not. Provided for the funding for training for those educators to research bilingual programs. -
Idaho v. Migrant Council 1981
The State Department of Education in Idaho legal responsibility was established to ensure the implementation and monitoring of programs ELLs. -
U.S. Court; Texas fails to help ELLs
Texas district court in 1981 found that it failed to help ELL children overcome lauguage barriers. Texas passed a law expanding bilingual education for grades k-6 and giving english as a second language was for 7-12 grades. T -
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
Largely debated as to its validity in regards to ELL students and how they are accomodated. Requires states to develop assessments of standardized basic skills.Only 10 states choose to test ELL in their native language, the majority of ELL are given the assessment in English although they have a 3 year window to take the test in their native language before being required to demonstrate proficiency on assessments in English.
