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The first form of animation started in Paris, on the 8th of December, 1844 ,when Charles-Émile Reynaud invented the Praxinoscope
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-The first animated projection (screening) was created in France, by Charles-Émile Reynaud, who was a French science teacher. -Reynaud created the Praxinoscope in 1877 and the Théâtre Optique in December 1888 -On 28 October 1892, he projected the first animation in public, Pauvre Pierrot, at the Musée Grévin in Paris.
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-Stuart Blackton is considered the Father of American Animation
American animation owes its beginnings to J. Stuart Blackton, a British filmmaker who created the first animated film in America. -
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The cel animation process was invented by Earl Hurd and John Bray in 1915.
-Celluloid or cel animation is a film-based media form, where transparent individually-created films frames are projected with light sequentially onto a reflective screen, creating an illusion of motion. Although contemporary cinematic animation has been transformed through use of the computer, historically cel animation has been created by hand. -
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The 12 basic principles of animation were developed by the 'old men' of Walt Disney Studios, amongst them Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, during the 1930s.
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1) Squash and Stretch-The most important principle, the purpose of which is to give a sense of weight and flexibility to drawn objects.
2) Anticipation-To prepare the audience for an action, and to make the action appear more realistic.
3) Staging-to direct the audience's attention, and make it clear what is of greatest importance in a scene
4)SAA PTP-SAA has a more fluid, dynamic illusion of movement,
5) Follow Through and Overlapping Action-help to give the impression to characters. -
6) Slow In and Slow Out-The movement of objects in the real world, such as the human body, animals, vehicles, etc.
7) Arc-Most natural action tends to follow an arched trajectory
8) Secondary Action-gives a scene more life, and can help to support the main action.
9) Timing-the speed of the action on film
10) Exaggeration-perfect imitation of reality can look static and dull
11) Solid drawing-space, giving them volume and weight.
12) Appeal- charisma in an actor -
1970s. This is an experimental 2D animated short drawn on a data tablet by Peter Foldes, who used the world's first key frame animation software, invented by Nestor Burtnyk and Marceli Wein. Produced by Ed Catmull, the short demonstrates a computer animated hand, as well as human faces
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