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An early predecessor of the modern day projector. Consisted of a translucent oil painting, a simple lens and a candle or oil lamp.
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Simple toy used in the Victorian era. A small circular disk/card with two different picturs on each side that was attached to a piece of string or a pair of strings running through the center. When the string is twirled, the two pictures combine to a single image.
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Consists of a disk with a series of images, drawn on radii evenly spaced around the center of the disk. Slots are cut out of the disk on the same radii as the drawings but at a different distance from center. Device would be placed in front of a mirror and spun.
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Cylindrical spinning device with several frames of animation printed on a paper strip placed around the circumference. Vertical slits around the sides through which an observer can view the moving images on the opposite side when the cylinder spins.
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Book with particularly springy pages that have an animated series of images near the unbound edge. Viewer bend the pages banck and then rapidly releases them on at a time so that each image viewed springs out of view to momentarily reveal the next image just before it does the same.
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First animated projection. Created by Charles-Emile Reynaud(a french science teacher).
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The first animated film created by using traditional(hand-drawn) animation.
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First film created with cutout animation
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Short film with sound on film process- first film with synchronized sound.
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Oldest surviving animated feature film- cutout silhouette animation
