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The Thirteenth Amendment formally abolished slavery and involuntary service. The Amendment only had involuntary servitude as a punishment for crime. This Amendment was adopted on December 18, 1865. Congress has the power to enforce the Thirteenth Amendment as they see appropriate.
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The Fourteenth Amendment addresses that all American citizens would have equal rights and protection. This Amendment gives the following descriptions of citizenship, " All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States." This Amendment was Adopted on July 9, 1868. Congress has the power to enforce the Thirteenth Amendment as they see appropriate.
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The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits and government from denying a citizen the right to vote based on their race. This Amendment was adopted on March 30, 1870. Congress has the power to enforce the Thirteenth Amendment as they see appropriate.
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"Jim Crow" originated from Thomas Rice, who blackened his face and dressed in ragged clothing. Thomas rice created the song "Jump, Jim Crow" which referred to the black character. "Jim Crow" was used as a reference to the inferiority of black people.
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