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After benefitting from the Boer War and from splits in the liberal party. Lard Salisbury remained prime minister.
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she ruled almost a quarter of the worlds population. Died at 81. Although she was wilful and narrow minded in some respects, she established firm precedents for a hard working 'constitutional monarch'. Her death was the end of a era. Edward V11 succeeds thrown
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British victory over the Boer republics after 3 years of war. Laid the foundations for the union of South Africa, although it still ignored the rights of the black population.
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Founded by 6 women who were frustrated by the lack of progress on women's rights, their activities soon became confrontational and included prison hunger strikes.
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The introduction of the new 'dreadnought' class battleship and the subsequent naval arms race with Germany, prompted David Lloyd George, the chancellor of the exchequer to introduce a tax on land, to increase income tax and to propose a 'super-tax' on incomes over £5,000 per annum. He presented these increaces as designed to fund social reforms.
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The election arrived because of the Lords rejection of the 'peoples budget'. Results; 275 seats for the liberals, 273 for conservatives and 40 for labour. The budget was then passed.
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Both Edward VII and his son George V ensured that the monarchy was more active than it had been in the latter years of Victorias reign, but they excerised their influences discreetly. Edwards funeral brought together the royalty of the Europe, many of which were his relations, for the last time befre the war broke out in 1914.
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They and the conservatives each secured 272 seats
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Chancellor of the Exchequer David lloyd George devised a contributory scheme of health insurance for those in employment, which provided payment for medical treatment. Grafter on to the act was a limited plan for unemployment benefit drawn up by Winston Churchill. With this legislation, the liberals laid the foundations of the welfare state.
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It was the largest vessel in the world at the time of her launch and her builders and owners claimed that she was 'practically unsinkable' but on her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York she collided with an iceberg and sank within hourse with the loss of 1,503 lives. Titanic could carry over 3,500 people, but was equipped with only enough lifeboats to save 1,178 people.
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all men over 21 and women over 10, excluded working class women.
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1918-1919 - the 'Spanish flu' killed more than 200,000 people in Britain and up to 50 million worldwide, the virus seems to have originated in the United States but quickly spread around the world, infecting up to 30% of the worlds population.
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The first election where women were aloud to vote. The results were conservatives and coalition liberals 509 seats, Labour 72 etc. 73 members of Sinn Fein were elected which included the first british woman member of parliament, although they refused to take their seats
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The world war 1 turned Glasgow into a centre for organised protest against poor working conditions. The liberal goverment feared that this mass rally was the beginning of a working class revolution along the lines of the Russian Revolution of 1917. The rally was broken up by police, troops and tanks. In reality, the protesters objectives were not that revolutionary - a 40 hour working week and a living wage.
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Not the first British women member of parliament, but the first to take her seat.
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The sex disqualification removal act made it illegal for women to be excluded from most jobs and allowed them to hold judicial office and enter the professions. Women could now become magistrates, solicitors and barristers.
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Academic halls for women were first established at Oxford in the 19th Century,but although women had been able to attend degree level courses, they could not receive degrees until 1920
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Priminister David lloyd George had promised 'a land fit for hereos' following world war one, but after a short post-war boon, soldiers found it increasingly difficult to get work. Deprivation was widespread and industrial relations deteriorated. There were war depts to the united stated and non payments of allies. War debts meant the goverment could not pay for many planned reforms. In 1922 there were reccommended heavy cuts in education, public health and workers benefits.
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The civil war was ignited by the Anglo- Irish peace treaty which created a partitioned Irish 'Free State' within the British Empire.
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The wartime coalition of Conservatives and David lloyd George's liberals began to work on a national recovery after world war one. But in 1922, conservative backbenchers overruled their own party leader and voted to leave the coalition, resuming independence as conservatives. They were disgusted by Lloyd George's Anglo-Irish treaty and were fearfil he was about to go to war with Turkey. With this, Lloyd George resigned.
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Andrew Bonar Law was invited by George V to form a goverment. Law called a general election on 15th November 1922. The conservatives won 344 seats, labour 142, national liberals (lloyd george party) 53 seats. however ill health forced Bonar Law to retire in 1923, he died six months later.
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In his first budget as chancellor of the exchequer, Winston Churchil returned Britain to its pre 1914 monetary system. Massive deflation and overvaluing of the pound. This made British manufacturing industries uncompetitive, which in turn made Britains economic problems that were to be faced in 1930s even worser
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it was set up in 1922 but in 1927 the company was granted a Royal Charter. the mission was to improve Britain through broadcasting and John Reith fomously instructed the corporation to 'inform, educate and entertain'
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The fith reform act brought in by the conservatice goverment altered the 1918 Representation of the People Act, which had only allowed women over 30 who owned a property to be able to vote. The new act gave women the vote on the same terms as men.
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Cinema going was very popular in the 1920's and 1930s and virtually every town, suburb and major housing development had at least one cinema.
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It was not until world war two that it began to be mass produced.
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MacDonalds administration coincided with the Great Depression, a global economic slump triggered by the wall street crash. Unemployment jumped by 1 million in 1930
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The crash of the American Wall Street financial markets in 1929 crippled the economics of the US and Europe resulting in the great depression. In Britain unemployment peaked just below 3 million by 1932. It was only just before the outbreak of world war two that the worst of the Depression could be said to be over.
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This explosion, which killed 266 men, was one of the worst disasters in British Mining history. 200 children were left fatherless in an area of North Wales where a 40% unemployment rate had already caused widespread poverty.
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cost sixpence, the same price as a packet of cigarrettes.It was a revolution in publishing that massively widened public access to literature.
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As prince of Wales, Edward had visited many parts of the country hit by the prolonged economic depression. He was apparently genuinely concerned for the underprivileged and his official overseas tours on behalf of his fathre made him popular in Britain and Abroad. However he was in love with an american married woman.
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Edward VIIIs younger brother was crowned George VI, he and his wife Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen mother) became inspirational figures for Britain duing world war two.
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a total of 10,000 Jewish children between the ages of 5 and 17 were sent from Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia to Britain between December 1938 and the outbreak of wat in September 1939. Many were given homes by British families or lived in hostels. Very few of them saw their parents again
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Britain was at war with Germany for the second time in 25 years
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Germany also invaved belgium on this day.
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In july 1940 german leader adolf hitler ordered the invasion of Britain. The Luftwaffe (german air force) first had to destroy the Royal Air Force, although outnumbered, the RAF still inflicted heavy losses on the Germans. 2 days after the luftwaffe sustained its heavist single day of losses, Hitler postpones the invasion.
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German bombing raids had already targeted Liverpool and Birmingham during August but on the 7th September the 'blitz' intensified as 950 aircraft attacked London. It was the start of 57 consecutive nights of heavy bombing. The raid caused 300 civilian deaths and 1,300 serious injuries. By the end of the blitz around 30,000 Londoners had been killed & 50,000 injured.
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180 german bombers attacked the city in a night raid.
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The Butler Act
There were 3 types of schools; grammar, secondary modern and technical, entrance was determined by the 11 plus examination -
German forces had been defeates by april 1945, Adolf Hitler commited suicide on 30th April.
Britain came to an entire stant still as people celebrated the end of war -
established by the post-war labour goverment. The GP service was now paid by the goverment for every patient registered with a doctor.
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Held in London while rationing was still in force in Britain. 59 nations took part. The first games since berlin in 1936, others were cancelled due to world war two.
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the festival was to sustain a mood of post war optimism and confidence or at least interest in new solutions. Was held on the south bank of the thames. The dominant artistic mood of the festival was neo-romantic
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Focused on foreign affairs and remaining the special relationship with america.
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Elizabeth proved an experienced and skillfull advisor of successive priministers, she held strong opinions.
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The BBC had competition and started broadcasting a second channel, BBC two in 1964.
Channel 4 started broadcasting in 1982 -
part of a general move towards a cleaner environment, directed in particular against the buring of coal in urban areas. The act was a response to the sevre london smog of 1952 which killed more than 4,000 people. Another clean air act followed in 1968
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The following year the M1 was punched through the midlandsa from watford to birmingham. This development of motorway systems encourages a major rise in lond-distance private and goods travel by road
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Goverment support was seen as necessary , not least in order to change the social composition of the student body. State paid fees and maintenance were designed to help increase the percentage of working class students.
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designed to replace the existing division between grammer and secoundary modern schools in order to create and all inclusice comprehensive schools. It was the first step towards treating all pupils on an equal basis.
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england vs west germany 4-2
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Sexual Offences Act - legalised homosexuality between men over 21
Abortion act - legalised abortion under certain conditions
Divorce reform act
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18th album and is widely recognised as one of the most influential records ever released. The album was influenced by the bands use of drugs and was a popular success at the start of the 'psychedelic era'
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they were phased out over a period of 18 months and were replaced with decimal pounds and pennies.
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The apple company have lived on to be very influential in terms of technology
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to 1979
petrol tankers, lorry drivers, hospital staff, ambulance men and dustmen. Dead were left unburried and troops were called in to control rats swarming around heaps of uncollected rubbish. The large number of strikes, the violence and mean mindedness created a sense of alarm in the decline of British society -
She came to power on the promise that the conservatives would cut income tax, reduce public expenditure, make it easier for people to buy their own homes and curb the power of the unions
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Brixton following the arrest of a local black man marked the start of the violent unrest accross england. Crowds rioted, looted and fought the police.
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Reached the barrier of 3 million. Manufacturing was hard hit by a deep economic recession
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bomb the hotel were the conservative party conference was taking place. This killed 5 and left 30 injures. Margaret Thatcher narrowly escaped the blast
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e.g. british gas, british airways, rolls royce, british steel , telecom e.t.c. these sales cut goverment expenditure by bringing large sums of money and by reducing the need for state subsidies
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longest serving prime minister for more than 150 years
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a new way of using existing internet technology to share information. Tim Berners-Lee
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The conservatives plans for a 'poll tax' provoked anti poll tac rallies and acts of civil disobedience. A largely peaceful march in London attended by 70000 people generated into a serious riot. The unpopularity of the tax contributed to the downfall of margaret thatcher , her successor John Major replaced the poll tac with the council tax
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provoked widespread public mourning, one million people lined the streets of london for her funeral. it was found the driver had more than the legal amount of alcohol in his blood and was driving over 100mph
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19 terrorists hijacked planes to destroy the twin towers of the world trade centre in New York and part of the pentagon building in washington. approx' 3000 killed
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9 month epidemic of 'foot-and-mouth' disease resulted in the culling of millions of animals and devastated large sections of the rural economy. the crisis brought the countryside to a virtual standstill. The labour parliament was heavily criticised for its handling of the crisis/
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Islamic terrorist organisation Al-Qaeda claimed responsibility
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The costliest natural disaster as well as one of the 5 deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States. The hurricane formed in the Bahamas and made its biggest impact in New Orleans LA
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- The great recession affected the entire world economy, it was a global recession characterzied by various systemic imbalances and was sparked by the outbreak of the late 2000s financial crisis
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This made history as he became the first African American president
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In the early 2000s DVD began to overtake VCR as the most popular consumer of prerecorded video. VCR stopped being sold on the 3rd december 2008
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This had an impact on many as he made such an impact on the music industry and the media throughout his lifetime.
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Myspace fades but facebook and youtube still remain popular and news sites such as Twitter and Google+ emerge. Facebook is seen as the most popular media sharing site.
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At least 230,000 were killed in the Haiti earthquake and 3,000,000 were left homeless.
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This came to a shock to everyone as just 8 days before his mother had passed away. McQueen was names the British design or the year 4 times between 1996 and 2003. He started his career as an apprentice in Savile Row. His death came just days before London Fashion week as final preparations were being made for a spring collection.
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The gulf oil spill was one of the worst environmental disasters in the united states history. Estimated to be as much as 100,00 barrels per day
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Universities can charge more than 6,000 a year if they take part in a programme to help those from poorer backgrounds.Students can take out a loan which funds all costs which will then have to be paid back once the student begins earning over £21,000
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Her dress being designed under the Alexander McQueen Label
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Navy seal teams found and killed Bin Laden in Pakistan
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the shutdown of the largest Uk tabloid after 168 years in print due to the 2009 phone hacking scandal.
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Following a peaceful march on the 6th August in relation to the police response to the fatal shooting of Mark Duggan by Metropolitan police service fierarm officers a riot began in Tottenham, North London. in the following days rioting spread to several london boroughs and districts and to some other areas of England, the initial are believed to have been caused by the police reaction
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