What did the work of these scientist change traditional views on

During the 1920's Einstein started to work on his quantum theory. Which is a theory of matter and energy based on the concept of quanta, especially quantum mechanics. Einstein also became an active leader of the international anti-war movement and supported conscientious objection.However, the Nazi rise to power brought about a substantial change in Einstein's position: he began to advocate military preparedness by the European democracies against the threat of Nazism. (nobelprise.org)

Very first psychoanalysis which is a system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association. This became a world wide movement during the 1920's.

In this context, Einstein wrote his famous letter to U.S. President Roosevelt in which he urged him to initiate an American nuclear research program. With the onset of the atomic era, Einstein realized that nuclear weapons were a profound risk to humanity and could bring an end to civilization. During the last decade of his life, he was tireless in his efforts to create effective international cooperation to prevent war.
http://www.albert-einstein.org/.index2.html

Freud came out with a theory during 1920's called the "drive". It's a theory of sexuality and aggression in behavior to explain human destructiveness. The id comprises two kinds of biological instincts (or drives) which Freud called Eros and Thanatos. Eros, helps the individual to survive; it directs life-sustaining activities such as respiration, eating, and sex Thanatos is viewed as a set of destructive forces present in all human beings
https://www.simplypsychology.org/Sigmund-Freud.html

She researched a lot about radioactivity during her whole career before she died. When World War I broke out in 1914, she suspended her studies and organized a fleet of portable X-ray machines for doctors on the front. After the war, she worked hard to raise money for her Radium Institute, including a trip to the United States.

But by 1920, she was suffering from medical problems, likely due to her exposure to radioactive materials. On July 4, 1934, she died of a plastic anemia, a blood disease that is often caused by too much exposure to radiation.
https://www.livescience.com/38907-marie-curie-facts-biography.html