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According to him salvation was free and one did not have to pay anything to obtain it.
Any priest declaring that being indulgences could free a man of his sins was lying.
Christians who were seeking pardon should turn to charity instead of being expensive letters of pardon. -
expelled from the church and declared an heretic. -
William Tyndall was a gifted scholar and linguist, was the first to translate the Bible into English from the original Hebrew and Greek. Tyndale wanted everyone in England, from the ploughboy to the king, to be able to read the Scripture in his own language. -
two acts passed by the Parliament of England in the 16th century that established the English monarchs as the head of the Church of England -
The dissolution process was interrupted by rebellions in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. These were the greatest rebellions ever faced by Tudor monarch, they lasted 6 months.
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Protestant reforms accelerate in England.
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Restoration of Catholicism and persecution of Protestants (Marian Persecutions).
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Stability returns with the establishment of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, marked by the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588.
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Elizabeth declared herself Supreme Governor of the Church of England, and instituted an Oath of Supremacy, requiring anyone taking public or church office to swear allegiance to the monarch as head of the Church and state. Anyone refusing to take the Oath could be charged with treason. -
It said that the newly formed Prayer Book, based on that of Edward's reign should be used in all churches and that people would be fined one shilling if they did not attend. People who refused to attend Church services were called recusants. -
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Doctrine
- Stated the doctrine (religious belief) of the Church
- 3 important changes: a new ecclesiology (conception of the Church) / a new doctrine of Salvation (doctrine du salut) / a new definition of sacraments and of the mass
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163 persons killed during repression in 26 years
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("Act to retain the Queen's Majesty's Subjects in their due Obedience"):
- It provided for the death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism.
- It was now forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic Mass
- Anglican services were compulsory: £20 per month fine. -
At Fotheringhay Castle, in Northamptonshire. -
At dawn the English attacked the disorganized Spanish ships off Gravelines, and a decisive battle ensued. -
James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England, uniting the crowns of England and Scotland. -
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The plan was to blow up the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament. It was a failed attempt to assassinate King James I of England during the Opening of Parliament -
An Early Modern English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, which was commissioned in 1604 and published in 1611, by sponsorship of King James VI and I. -
One of the most destructive conflicts in European history.
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Tensions between the monarchy and Parliament lead to the English Civil War (1642-1651).
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The period in England from 1629 to 1640 when King Charles I ruled as an autocratic absolute monarch without recourse to Parliament. Charles claimed that he was entitled to do this under the royal prerogative and that he had a divine right.
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A list of grievances presented to King Charles I of England by the English Parliament. -
The first English revolution
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King Charles I entered the English House of Commons, accompanied by armed soldiers, during a sitting of the Long Parliament. -
England briefly becomes a republic under Oliver Cromwell’s Commonwealth. -
The act abolishing the kingship was an Act of the Rump Parliament that abolished the monarchy in England in the aftermath of the Second English Civil War. -
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Proclamation by Charles II of England in which he promised a general pardon for crimes committed during the English Civil War and the Interregnum for all those who recognised Charles as the lawful kin -
Charles II is restored to the throne. -
After the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 moves were made to revise and re-introduce the Prayer Book.In May 1662 Parliament passed another Act of Uniformity which authorised the use of a revised version broadly the same as the 1559 edition. -
An alleged conspiracy in 1678 to kill King Charles II of England, and replace him with his Catholic brother and wife. -
Three Exclusion Bills sought to exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland because he was a Roman Catholic. None became law. -
James II is overthrown; William III and Mary II ascend to the throne, solidifying Parliamentary sovereignty through the Bill of Rights (1689).
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Ensures Protestant succession to the English throne. -
The Kingdoms of England and Scotland merge to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. -
Expansion of the British Empire, particularly in India and North America.
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legislative agreement uniting Great Britain (England and Scotland) and Ireland under the name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland