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History of Federalism
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Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation had no central government making states have all the power. -
Constitutional Convention
Organized a central government to have power of the states. -
Supremacy Clause
Said that all laws of the federal government were the law of the land and nothing had power of them. -
Federal Income Tax
It is stated in the Constitution that the government has the right to set an income tax. By doing this the government recieves income. -
10th Amendment
Gives any power not stated in the Constitution to the States. -
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
They stated that the states could declare acts of Congress unconstitutional if they were against the Constitution through nullification. -
Fletcher v. Peck
It was the first case in which the Supreme Court declared a state law unconstitutional -
McCulloch v. Maryland
It stopped Maryland from taxing the Second Bank of the United States. It clarified that Congress had the power to establish a bank. -
Gibbons v. Ogden
It gave Congress the right to control interstate commerce. -
Cooley v. Board of Wardens
The Supreme Court ruled that a Pennsylvania law that required ships in Philadelphia to hire a local pilot was legal and didn't violate the Commerce Clause. -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
The case decided that Congress couldn't ban slavery in territories giving territories the right to own slaves. -
Civil War
It showed that the federal government had the power to hold all the states together and that states could not simply secede. -
14th Amendment
It overruled the Dred Scott decision and said that blacks could be citizens. It stated that states could not deprive people of life, liberty, or property. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
Gave the government the power to break up trusts and monopolies. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
The federal government had the power to inspect food and drugs to make sure they weren't harmful. -
16th Amendment
Gives Congress the right to use income tax without needing to divide it amongst states or basing it on the Census. -
Hoke v. United States
Said that Congress couldn't regulate prostitution. -
Women's Voting
Congress gave the power of voting to women. -
Gitlow v. New York
Ruled that Fourteenth Amendment affected more than just federal laws but went to state laws too. -
New Deal
Gave the Federal Government programs such as FDIC and FHA to help the country get out of the Great Depression. -
Korematsu v. United States
Ruled that the government could legally send Japanese Americans to internment camps. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Said that state laws creating seperate schools for white and black was unconstitutional. -
Wesberry v. Sanders
It changed how the House was set up reducing the number of representatives from rural areas. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Outlaws major forms of discrimination against African Americans and women. This stops the southern states from abusing them and controlling voting from them. -
State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act
Provided money for states to split between the state and municipal governments. -
Cabell v. Chavez-Salido
Said that a state law against aliens taking probation officer jobs was legal. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Gave Americans with disabilities more rights and forced states to have certain standards for people with disabilities. -
New York v. United States
Declared that the "Take Title" part of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act was unconstitional and went past Congress's power. -
Law Enforcement Assisstance Act
Allowed police officers and intelligence agencies to wiretap people legally. -
104th Congress
Started the process of devolution by giving more powers back to states by trying to make Medicaid, welfare, child care, child protective services block grants to the states and making them responsible. -
United States v. Lopez
This case limited Congress's powers from the Commerce Clause -
Printz v. United States
Said that commanding chief commanding officers of local jurisdiction to perform background checks was unconstitutional. -
Alden v. Maine
Stated that Congress could not allow nonconsenting states to be sued by individuals. -
Reno v. Condon
Stated that the Driver's Privacy Protection Act of 1994 was legal under the Commerce Clause. -
September 11
The government created many new rules to help protect the people of America from another attack. -
No Child Left Behind
Gave states the power to set a standard in their education. -
Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs
Held that the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 was legal.
