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first feminist
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small village in soth-western England, educated by her father (rector of the church). Master of the novel of manners. Uses irony, main themes are love, friendship and marriage
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unconventional aristocrat with a clump foot. student at cambridge. very attractive and famous, achieved a European reputation. he criticised the authors of the first romantic generation (wordsworth, coleridge). believed in individual liberty, against tyrans, nature ist not a source of joy and consolation. exotic landscapes reflect the individual's feelings.
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born in Sussex, father was a conservative member of the parliament. He was vegetarian and a republican against Catholicism,
married a 19y.o. girl just to free her from her father's tyranny, he separated and went to live with Mary Wollstonecraft.
elevated style because his target was the bourgeoisie. nature is a refuge form the disappointment and injustice of the world. the poet is a prophet and a titan challenging the cosmos. -
a plea for women's education
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Sense and Sensibility (elinor and marianne) and Pride and Prejudice (first impressions)
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He travels across Spain, Portugal, Albania, Greece and Middle East. this experience inspired the first two cantos of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage.
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Because of his radical Pamphlet "the necessity of Atheism" published in 1811.
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after her father's death she moved to a small village a few miles away from her birthplace. Mainsfield Park, Emma, Persuasion.
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unhappy childhood, had to work while his father went to prison, he taught himslef shorthand and become a journalist with the pen name Boz (sketches by boz, articles making middle class humor). his novels were published in instalments, so many flat characters, they had to match the public taste, so happy ending.
themes were children exploitation and social issuas. -
very successfull, made him a social celebrity.
Spencerian stanza: classical form, but romantic contents, iambic penthameter.
Childe Harold is a rich man who left Britain to forget Ada, who does not return his feeling, and because he is involved in gambling and drinking (autobiographical traits).
1-2 Cantos: escape to different places, picturesque, exotic images
3 canto: forget, the importance of time -
Shelley epresses his philosophy of life in this poem
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he married in 1815 but it collapsed due to a scandal (incestuous relationship with his half-sister).
He lived in Geneva with Shelley, then in Venice, then he moved to Milan, where he was involved in the patriotic plots against the Austrians. -
probably of Addison's disease, some books were published posthumously
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voluntary exile in italy.
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At st. peter's field, Manchester a crowd had gathered to demand electoral refomr but the peaceful meeting wasdisrupted by the chivalry. it was named peterloo to remember waterloo's defeat.
shelley got inspired by the episode and wrote the poem England in 1819 to to protest against repression. -
Wind as a voice who announces change, symbol of natural, social and political rebirth.
elevated tone and language, shakespearean sonnet + dante's terza rima.
he wrote it in Florence in the conrtyside on a windy and rainy day, he describes the phenomena he is observing -
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Written in Ottava Rima, it's his masterpiece, written in Venice. Mock epic, he criticises the bourgeousie, juan is a young and innocent boy who is seduced.
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Lyrical drama
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Elegy in honous of Johr Keats. in the Devil's ballad you can find the Declaration of rights.
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severe fever. he was in Greece, fighting for independence from Turkey. His heart is buried in Greece, where he's regarded as a national hero.
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Law introduced by a pastor, it established workhouses, institutions where poor people had to live.
workhouses were deliberately unpleasant to encourage poeple to do better and not to rely upon welfare. (during that time puritan values were very strong, it was considered a fault to be poor) -
1937-1960: Early victorian age, era of progress, reforms and expansionism. the prosperity also caused the victorian compromise: only a small part of the English had benefits, on the other side there was poverty, social unrest and disease.
1860-1900: Late Victorian Age Queen Victoria remained widow but was still an important figurehead. the politcal parties were Liberals ans Conservatives, they tried to solve problems about urban health, trade unions and state education. -
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poem
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under the pen name of ellis bell
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1849 pope pious condemned communism
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Railways and other means of transport modified the landscape.
Steam ships expanded the world to colonies.
newspaper spread out -
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a way to expose one country's excellent manufactures to the world. the palace was designed by Paxton and was made of glass and iron ( ETA' DEL FERRO)
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Turkey was becoming too weak
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all living creatures have taken their form through a slow process of change and adaptation in a struggle for survivance.
man evolved like other animals from an ape-like mammal. darwin's theory discarded the bible's one and was later applied to social life by the philosopher Spencer -
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All skilled workmen had the right to vote
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Vote granted to all male householders. the secret ballot stopped corruption
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because of expansion in Africa
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Eric Blair
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The day in which Ulysses is set
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published posthumously
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USA 1934
UK 1936 -
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v. woolf died in the same year, so it is seen as the end of modernism
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he translated it himself in English 1954
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