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The significance of Planck's constant in this context is that radiation, such as light, is emitted, transmitted, and absorbed in discrete energy packets or quanta, determined by the frequency of the radiation and value of Planck's constant.
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In June 1902, Einstein received the letter he’d been impatiently waiting for: a positive answer regarding his application to be a technical assistant - level III at the federal patent office in Bern.
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In this paper, Einstein proposed that light is composed of tiny particles called quanta.
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The first confirmation of the quantum hypothesis occurred in 1907 when Einstein showed that energy quantization can be applied to materials (condensed matter).
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In 1912, Arthur L. Hughes who worked at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge measured the maximum velocity of photoelectrons from various metals and verified Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
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In 1916, he postulated stimulated or induced emission—which is, of course, the basis of laser function.
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Planck received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1918 for his quantum theory after it had been successfully applied to the photoelectric effect by Einstein and the atom by Niels Bohr.
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Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"
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The presentation speech was given by Professor S. Arrhenius, Chairman of the Nobel Committee for Physics of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
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Arthur Holly Compton investigated the scattering of X-rays and γ-rays by light elements. His theory of 1923, which used Einstein’s light quantum hypothesis, showed that the energy of the scattered quantum is less than that of the incident quantum, and the difference is the increased kinetic energy of the recoiled scattering electron.
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The physics community did not completely embrace Einstein’s theory until Compton published his paper on the Compton effect in 1923.
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American physical chemist Gilbert N. Lewis who coined the term “photon” in a paper published in the journal Nature in 1926.
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For his discovery, which soon after came to be known as the Compton effect, he shared the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics with Charles Thompson Rees Wilson, who invented the cloud chamber method of visualizing ions and the tracks of ionizing particles.
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Albert Einstein died at the age of 76.
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In 1960, Theodore H. Maiman produced stimulated emission in a ruby crystal as part of the first laser.
