-
Eratosthenes made a system of latitude and longitude, and a calendar that included leap years. He invented the armillary sphere, a mechanical device used by early astronomers to demonstrate and predict the apparent motions of the stars in the sky.
-
he made contributions to astronomy, mathematics, geography, musical theory, and optics, like compiling a star catalog and the earliest surviving table of a trigonometric function and established mathematically that an object and its mirror image must make equal angles to a mirror.
-
He proposed the idea of a heliocentric system, which means that the planets orbit around the Sun; that Earth is a planet which, besides orbiting the Sun annually, also how it turns once daily on its own axis; and that very slow changes in the direction of this axis account for the precession of the equinoxes.
-
The discovery and research study of the "new star". This helped to show that it was farther away than the Moon and was among the fixed stars which were thought to be perfect and unchangable.
-
Newtons discovery of the composition of white light integrated the phenomena of colors into the science of light and laid the foundation for modern physical optics. In mechanics, his three laws of motion, the basic principles of modern physics, resulted in the formulation of the law of universal gravitation.
-
Kepler first noticed the star, now known to have been a supernova, in October 1604, not long after a conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn in 1603. The astrological importance of the conjunction was heightened by the unexpected appearance of the supernova.
-
Albert Einstein is pretty well known for the equation E = mc2, which says that energy and mass (matter) are the same thing, just in different forms. He is also known for his discovery of the photoelectric effect, for which he won the Nobel Prize for Physics