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Laissez Faire
Belief in laissez-faire was a popular view during the 19th century; its proponents cited the assumption in classical economics of a natural economic order as support for their faith in unregulated individual activity.policy of minimum governmental interference in the economic affairs of individuals and society.The origin of the term is folklore suggests that it is derived from the answer Jean-Baptiste Colbert, controller general of finance under King Louis XIV of France, -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was an American industrialist who got a fortune in the steel industry then became a major philanthropist. Carnegie worked in a Pittsburgh cotton factory as a boy before rising to the position of division superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1859. -
Temperance Movement
A movement dedicated to promoting moderation and, more often, complete abstinence in the use of intoxicating liquor. Although an abstinence pledge had been introduced by churches as early as 1800, the earliest temperance organizations seem to have been those founded at Saratoga, New York, in 1808 and in Massachusetts in 1813. -
John Deere
John Deere invented the steel plow in 1837 when the Middle-West was being settled. The soil was different than that of the East and wood plows kept breaking. Also it was the first step to making farm equipment that we know today. A single plow shank led to making a plow with more and more shanks to cover more ground. Americans were able to plant enough crops to take care of our growing nation. -
George Armstrong Custer
He fought in the First Battle of Bull Run, and served with panache and distinction in the Virginia and Gettysburg campaigns. Although his units suffered enormously high casualty rates -- even by the standards of the bloody Civil War -- his fearless aggression in battle earned him the respect of his commanding generals and increasingly put him in the public eye. -
John D. Rockefeller
Founder of the Standard Oil Company, became one of the world’s wealthiest men and a major philanthropist.He then-fledgling oil business in 1863 by investing in a Cleveland, Ohio, refinery. In 1870, he established Standard Oil, which by the early 1880's controlled 90 percent of U.S. refineries and pipelines. Accused Rockefeller of engaging in unethical practices, such as colluding with railroads to eliminate his competitors, in order to gain a monopoly in the industry. -
Sarah Winnemucca
She spoke passionately in the west and east about the mistreatment of Native-American communities and wrote the autobiographical account Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims. Also The Dawes Severalty Act was passed the following year and signed by President Grover Cleveland, forcing Indian children to attend white schools and be assimilated(to change and leave their culture) into American society. -
Henry Cabot lodge
He launched his political career in the state legislature (1880–81) and in the U.S. House of Representatives (1887–93) and then was elected to the U.S. Senate. -
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. president, served in office from 1913 to 1921 and led America through World War I. An advocate for democracy and world peace, Wilson is often ranked by historians as one of the nation’s greatest presidents. Wilson was a college professor, university president and Democratic governor of New Jersey before winning the White House in 1912. Once in office, he pursued an ambitious agenda of progressive reform that included the establishment. -
Jane Addams
Creator of the hull house around 1889 and it proved as a prototype for other settlement houses. She was known/ Considered as the founder of a new profession( social work) -
Worker Exploitation
The Central Pacific and the Union Pacific Railroad companies that signed and agreed to building the transcontinental railroad which connects the United States from east to west, from Sacramento, California and Omaha, Nebraska that comes to some pumps on the rode with Promontory, Utah. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Signed by President Chester A. Arthur. Also the first ever there being federal law proscribed entry that it put in danger the "good order" of certain cities. Act required the few non-laborers who wanted to come into the U.S. to have certification from Chinese government to say they were qualified to immigrate. If they left the U.S. they'd have to re-enter. The exclusion act expired in 1892. -
Homestead Act
President Abraham Lincoln signed the Homestead Act into law, which meant migration settlers would be provided with 160 acres of land.Of course not without a but, that being they exchange paid a small fee and they also had to complete five years of living on the land before clamming it and receiving ownership. -
Henry Ford
Henry Ford established the Ford Motor Company, and five years later the company rolled out the first Model T. In order to meet overwhelming demand for the revolutionary vehicle, Ford introduced revolutionary new mass-production methods, including large production plants, the use of standardized, interchangeable parts and, in 1913, the world’s first moving assembly line for cars. -
William Randolph Hearst
He challenged New York World publisher Joseph Pulitzer by buying the rival New York Journal, earning attention for his “yellow journalism.” Hearst entered politics at the turn of the century, winning two terms to the U.S. House of Representatives but failing in his bids to become U.S. president and mayor of New York City. -
Salvation Army
The Salvation Army was founded in London's East End in 1865 by one-time Methodist Reform Church minister William Booth and his wife Catherine as the East London Christian Mission. The name "The Salvation Army" developed from an incident on 19 and 20 May. -
Ku Klux Klan
Also known as the KKK. Thewhite Protestant nativist groups revived the Klan in the early 20th century, burning crosses and staging rallies, parades and marches denouncing immigrants, Catholics, Jews, blacks and organized labor. The civil rights movement of the 1960s also saw a surge of Ku Klux Klan activity, including bombings of black schools and churches and violence against black and white activists in the South. -
Tenements
A typical tenement building was from five to six stories high, with four apartments on each floor. To maximize the number of renters, builders wasted little space. They were first built to house the waves of immigrants that arrived in the United States during the 1840s and 1850s, and they represented the primary form of urban working-class housing until the New Deal. -
Child Labor
Children often worked long hours in dangerous factory conditions for very little money. They were useful cause their size allowed them to fit in small spaces where adults couldn’t fit, children were easier to manage and control, children could be paid less than adults. Also often worked to help support their families, but were forced to forgo an education. Nineteenth century labor organizers sought to restrict child labor and improve working conditions. -
Montgomery ward
Chicagoan Aaron Montgomery Ward set out in 1871 to undercut rural retails by selling directly to farmers via mail order. Initially, things moved at slow pace, so much so that his partners decided to bail on the venture. He decided to move forward with distributing his catalog to rural farmers, even though most of his inventory was destroyed during the Great Chicago Fire. The first catalog for Montgomery Ward was distributed in 1872 and was an 8-by-12-inch single-sheet price list. -
Battle of Little BIghorn
the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory, pitted federal troops led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer (1839-76) against a band of Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors. Tensions between the two groups had been rising since the discovery of gold on Native American lands. When a number of tribes missed a federal deadline to move to reservations, the U.S. Army, including Custer and his 7th Calvary, was dispatched to confront them. -
Pancho Villa
He joined Francisco Madero’s uprising against Mexican President Porfirio Díaz in 1909, and later became leader of the División del Norte cavalry and governor of Chihuahua. After clashing with former revolutionary ally Venustiano Carranza, Villa killed more than 30 Americans in a pair of attacks in 1916. -
Margaret Sanger
She was the birth control advocate, was born Margaret Higgins in Corning, New York, to Michael Hennessey Higgins, an Irish-born free thinker who eked out a meager living as a stonemason, and Anne Purcell Higgins, a hard-working, devoutly Roman Catholic Irish-American. Deeply influenced by her father’s iconoclasm, Margaret, one of eleven children, was also haunted by her mother’s premature death, which she attributed to the rigors of frequent childbirth and poverty. -
Gilded Age
But the Gilded Age was a time in period where greedy, corrupt industrialists, politicians/ Bankers liked the extraordinary wealth at the cost of the working class. In fact, it was wealthy tycoons, not politicians, who inconspicuously held the most political power during the Gilded Age. -
Douglas MacArthur
Douglas MacArthur was an American general who commanded the Southwest Pacific in World War II, and was a successful Allied occupation of postwar Japan and led United Nations forces in the Korean War. He went on to serve as superintendent of West Point, chief of staff of the Army and field marshal of the Philippines, where he helped organize a military. -
Picture Brides
It's a system that allowed Japanese men in the United States to find wives from overseas in order to start families. Japanese bachelors would mail their self portraits to a matchmaker in Japan who then matches the picture with other potential brides. Once the matchmaker finds a suitable match, they are married and the bride is sent over on a one-way trip to the United States. -
Helen Hunt
Helen Hunt Jackson (1830–1885) was a poet, novelist and essayist who became an advocate for Native American rights, fighting for improved treatment of Natives by the US government. She detailed the adverse effects of previous actions taken against Indian tribes in her history A Century of Dishonor (1881). Her novel Ramona dramatized the in Southern California and attracted considerable attention to her cause. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
Wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt, was a leader in her own right and involved in numerous humanitarian causes throughout her life. She was also the niece of President Roosevelt and FDR was her fifth generation cousin. She is most remembered for being the most active first ladies in American History. -
Frances Willard
A speaker, a successful lobbyist, and an expert in pressure politics, she was a leader of the national Prohibition Party. Over the years Willard wrote frequently for periodicals and for WCTU publications. -
Time Zones
Operator workers from the New railroad lines noticed they needed a time plan for the train schedule for departures and arrivals since it would all be different times and people wouldn't know times of other destinations everything would be weird. Four Different Time zones for the Continental United State. -
Coca Cola
Providing Coke to troops in remote areas of the South Pacific posed one of the most difficult problems to the TOs. The Brisbane, Australia, bottler offered one solution to the problem when he re-commssioned a portable soda fountain that had been used at drugstore conventions and had it flown into the hills to quench the thirsts of B-26 pilots. It was so successful that the Army requested a hundred more immediately. -
Great Upheaval of 1886
The Great Upheaval was spontaneous. There was no planning leading up to it, showing how many rank and file workers had the same concerns about quality of life, as well as the same anger at those who controlled the wealthIt started with a 10% pay cut. When leaders of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad ordered the second reduction in less than eight months, railroad workers in Martinsburg, West Vrginia decided they had had enough. they denied any train to set leave without their pay. -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
is a landmark federal statute in the history of United States antitrust law Also known as a competition law was passed by Congress in 1890 under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison.It was named for Senator John Sherman of Ohio, who was a chairman of the Senate finance committee and the Secretary of the Treasury under President Hayes. Several states had passed similar laws, but they were limited to intrastate businesses. -
City Beautiful Movement
A design in which claimed it could not be separated from social issues and should encourage civic pride and engagement. It first started in Chicago by Daniel H. Burnham. The idea to rid the city streets of all the waste and trash that it was littered with and in affect lowered some sickness. -
World's Columbian Exposition 1893
A fair held in Chicago, Illinois in celebration of the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's voyage to America. The point in designation was chosen because it was at the railroad centre and offered a guarantee of $10 million. -
Depression of 1893
The Panic of 1893 was a serious economic depression in the United States that began in that year. Similar to the Panic of 1873, this panic was marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad financing which set off a series of bank failures. -
Pullman Strike
A milestone in American labor history, as the widespread strike by railroad workers brought business to a standstill until the federal government took unprecedented action to end the strike. -
Election of 1896
The election of 1896 was between William McKinley( Republican) and William Jennings Bryan( Democrat-Populist). The being central issue was between in which who favored the free silver or the gold standard as a type of currency inflation to help the time of depression. Ending with William McKinley the Republican winning who was in the favor of free silver. -
F. Scott Fitzgerald
The success of his first novel, “This Side of Paradise”, 1920, made him an instant celebrity. His third novel, “The Great Gatsby”, 1925, was highly regarded, but “Tender is the Night”, 1934 was considered a disappointment. Struggling with alcoholism and his wife’s mental illness, Fitzgerald attempted to reinvent himself as a screenwriter. He died before completing his final novel, “The Last Tycoon”, 1941, but earned posthumous acclaim as one of America’s most celebrated writers. -
Emilio Aguinaldo
He was a Filipino leader and a politician who fought first against Spain and later on against the United States for the independence of the Philippines.He agreed to leave the Philippines and to remain permanently in exile on condition of a substantial financial reward from Spain coupled with the promise of liberal reforms. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris of 1898 was an agreement made in 1898 that involved Spain relinquishing nearly all of the remaining Spanish Empire, especially Cuba, and ceding Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States. -
Battle of Manilla Bay
It was massive explosion of the Maine in the Havana harbor, killing 260 of the 400 American crew-members aboard. An official U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry ruled in March, without much evidence, that the ship was blown up by a mine, but did not directly place the blame on Spain. However, much of Congress and a majority of the American public expressed little doubt that Spain was responsible and called for a declaration of war. -
Siege of Santiago
The Spanish fleet was blockaded in harbor by superior U.S. warships from the U.S. squadrons in the Atlantic, under Rear Admiral William T. Sampson and Commodore Winfield S. Schley. Agreeing to the term that as long as the Spanish stayed within the protection of mines and shore batteries they could not be attacked, but nor could they challenge the U.S. blockade squadron. -
Election of 1900
The United States presidential election of 1900 was the 29th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 1900. In a re-match of the 1896 race, Republican President William McKinley defeated his Democratic challenger, William Jennings Bryan. -
Boxer Rebellion
where the Boxers killed Chinese Christians and Christian missionaries and destroyed churches and railroad stations and other property. -
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt also known as Teddy Roosevelt was a Republican politician who rose to become the 26th president of the United States after the assassination of William McKinley.Roosevelt confronted the bitter struggle between management and labor head-on and became known as the great “trust buster” for his strenuous efforts to break up industrial combinations under the Sherman Antitrust Act. -
Schlieffen Plan
The plan was heavily modified by Schlieffen’s successor, Helmuth von Moltke, prior to and during its implementation in World War I. Moltke’s changes, which included a reduction in the size of the attacking army, were blamed for Germany’s failure to win a quick victory. -
Meat Inspection Act
American law that makes it a crime to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.The law also applied to imported products, which were treated under similarly rigorous foreign inspection standards. -
Model T
Henry Ford’s revolutionary advancements in assembly-line automobile manufacturing made the Model T the first car to be affordable for a majority of Americans. For the first time car ownership became a reality for average American workers, not just the wealthy. -
Muller Vs.Oregon
A issue was in Oregon law passed in 1903 that prohibited women from working more than 10 hours in one day. Curt Muller, a laundry owner, was charged in 1905 with permitting a supervisor to require Mrs. E. Gotcher to work more than 10 hours and was fined $10. -
Election of 1912
American presidential election held on November 5, 1912, in which Democrat Woodrow Wilson defeated Bull Moose (Progressive) candidate and former Republican president Theodore Roosevelt and Republican incumbent president William Howard Taft. -
17th Amendment
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislatures. -
Woodrow Wilson
The 28th U.S. president, served in office from 1913 to 1921 and led America through World War I . was also an advocate for democracy and world peace, Wilson is often ranked by historians as one of the nation’s greatest presidents. -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The assassination of Franz-Ferdinand and Sophie set off a rapid chain of events like for example the Austria-Hungary, like many in countries around the world, blamed the Serbian government for the attack and hoped to use the incident as justification for settling the question of Slav nationalism once and for all -
The Great Migration
The Great Migration is a widespread migration of African Americans. The movement from about five million southern Africans to the north and west. The economic motivations for migration were a combination of the desire to escape oppressive economic conditions in the south and the promise of greater prosperity in the north. -
Vladimir Lenin
The founder of the Russian Communist Party, leader of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, and the architect, builder, and first head of the Soviet Union.Lenin spent the years leading up to the 1917 revolution in exile, within Russia and abroad. -
Fall of the Ottoman Empire
In 1683 the Ottoman Turks were defeated at the Battle of Vienna. that loss added to their already losing status. Over the next hundred years, the empire began to lose key regions of land. After a revolt, Greece won their independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830.In 1878, the Congress of Berlin declared the independence of Romania, Serbia and Bulgaria. -
Sedition Act
Sedition Acts were passed by the Federalist Congress and signed into law by President Adams. These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote. -
Spanish Flu
The deadliest in history, infected an estimated 500 million people worldwide—about one-third of the planet’s population—and killed an estimated 20 million to 50 million victims, including some 675,000 Americans. The 1918 flu was first observed in Europe, the United States and parts of Asia before swiftly spreading around the world. At the time, there were no effective drugs or vaccines to treat this killer flu strain. Citizens were ordered to wear masks. -
18th Amendment
The 18th Amendment stood for prohibiting the manufacture, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors. It was proven hard and a problem in itself to enforce and failed to have the intended effect of eliminating crime and other social problems–to the contrary, it led to a rise in organized crime, as the bootlegging of alcohol became an ever-more lucrative operation. -
Paris Peace Conference
President Woodrow Wilson attends the Paris Peace Conference that would formally end World War I and lay the groundwork for the formation of the League of Nation. The document established the concept of a formal league to mediate international disputes in the hope of preventing another world war. -
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty, negotiated between January and June 1919 in Paris, was written by the Allies with almost no participation by the Germans. The negotiations revealed a split between the French, who wanted to dismember Germany to make it impossible for it to renew war with France, and the British and Americans, who did not want to create pretexts for a new war. The eventual treaty included fifteen parts and 440 articles. -
Foreclosures/ Farmers
Foreclosures was a legal process that banks would use to get back some money that they loaned when a borrower cant repay they loan. Hundreds of thousands of farm owning farmers and their families had there land seized. when crop prices were falling they couldn't pay off their mortgage loans -
Robber Barons
Among the earliest of the robber barons was John Jacob Astor, a fur magnate who amassed his fortune through the monopoly held by his American Fur Company over the trade in the central and western United States during the first 30 years of the 19th century -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave the American women the right to vote, a right known as women’s suffrage, and was ratified on August 18, 1920, ending almost a century of protest. -
Immigration Act of 1924
The new law reflected the desire of Americans to isolate themselves from the world after fighting World War I in Europe, which exacerbated growing fears of the spread of communist ideas. It also reflected the pervasiveness of racial discrimination in American society at the time. -
John Scopes
Well known as the Monkey Trial begins with John Thomas Scopes, high school sub-science teacher, accused of teaching evolution in violation of a Tennessee state law. In 1927, the Tennessee Supreme Court overturned the Monkey Trial verdict on a technicality but left the constitutional issues unresolved until 1968, when the U.S. Supreme Court overturned a similar Arkansas law on the grounds that it violated the First Amendment. -
Charles Lindbergh
He was the first person to fly nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean in his monoplane, Spirit of St. Louis. Five years later, Lindbergh’s toddler son was kidnapped and murdered in what many called “the crime of the century.” In the lead-up to World War II, Lindbergh was an outspoken isolationist, opposing American aid to Great Britain in the fight against Nazi Germany. -
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Clark Hoover was an American engineer, businessman and politician. Who also served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the Great Depression. And as the Depression got worse, Hoover failed to recognize the severity of the situation or leverage the power of the federal government to squarely address it. -
October 20,1929
Black Tuesday hits Wall Street as investors trade 16,410,030 shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. Billions of dollars were lost, wiping out thousands of investors, and stock tickers ran hours behind because the machinery could not handle the tremendous volume of trading. In the aftermath of Black Tuesday, America and the rest of the industrialized world spiraled downward into the Great Depression. -
Valentine's Day Massacre
One of Capone’s longtime enemies, the Irish gangster George “Bugs” Moran, ran his bootlegging operations out of a garage on the North Side of Chicago. On February 14, seven members of Moran’s operation were gunned down while standing lined up, facing the wall of the garage. -
Election of 1932
American presidential election held on Nov. 8, 1932, in which Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Republican Pres. Herbert Hoover. The 1932 election was the first held during the Great Depression, and it represented a dramatic shift in the political alignment of the country. Republicans had dominated the presidency for almost the entire period from 1860, save two terms each won by Grover Cleveland and by Woodrow Wilson, who benefited from a split in the Republican Party in 1912. -
The Brain Trust
The Brain Trust, was a term coined by James Kieran, a New York Times reporter, referred to the group of academic advisers that FDR gathered to assist him during the 1932 presidential campaign. -
Hitler
Adolf Hitler, the leader of Germany’s Nazi Party, was one of the most powerful dictators of the 20th century. Hitler’s virulent anti-Semitism and obsessive pursuit of Aryan supremacy fueled the murder of some 6 million Jews, along with other victims of the Holocaust. -
20th Amendment
Also known as the Lame Duck Amendment andit is of particular interest that the terms of elected Federal officials remained unchanged or unrevised until 1933, when the Twentieth Amendment was ratified. -
21st Amendment
The Twenty First Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment to the United stated of Constitution. Stood for the transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited. -
Emergency Relief Act
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs an executive order creating the Works Progress Administration "WPA". It was a relief programs created under the auspices of the Emergency Relief Appropriations Act, which Roosevelt had signed the month before. -
Glass Steagall Act
The Glass-Steagall Act is a law that prevented banks from using depositors' funds for risky investments, such as the stock market. Iteffectively separated commercial banking from investment banking and created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, among other things. It was one of the most widely debated legislative initiatives before being signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in June 1933. -
The Holocaust
Killings of six million jewish men, women, and children and millions of more by Nazi Germany during World War ll. Jews in Europe were subjected to even more harsher persecutions. -
Neutrality Acts
Four neutrality acts were passed during the first and second administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt. They were founded on the belief, widespread in America at the time, that the United States had been drawn into World War I to protect the relationships and loans of manufacturers and bankers, and the America could stay out of what was widely viewed as another inevitable European conflict. -
Plight of the Jews
There were approximately 1.6 million Jewish children living in the territories that the German armies or their allies would occupy. The Nazi persecution of Jews began in Germany in 1933. By 1939, the country's Jews had been systematically deprived of their civil rights and property and ostracized from the national community. -
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, and was the scene of a surprise attack by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941. Just before 8 a.m. on that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes descended on the base, where they managed to destroy or damage nearly 20 American naval vessels, including eight enormous battleships, and over 300 airplanes. More than 2,400 Americans died in the attack, including civilians, and another 1,000 people were wounded. -
FDR's Speech/ Declaration of War
The United States Congress declared war on the Empire of Japan in response to their country's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the prior day. It was given/made public an hour after the Infamy Speech of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt. -
Navajo Code Talkers
Navajo speakers recruited during World War ll by the Marines to serve in their standard communications units in the Pacific Theater. The "Code" was first made by the Cherokee and Choctaw peoples during the first World War l. -
Bataan Death March
Unknown, but it is believed that thousands of troops died because of the brutality of their captors, who starved and beat the marchers, and bayoneted those too weak to walk. Survivors were taken by rail from San Fernando to prisoner-of-war camps, where thousands more died from disease, mistreatment and starvation -
Battle of Berlin
The Battle of Berlin was a successful attack on the German city by the Allied forces in the Soviet Union.After the Soviet forces captured Vienna, Austria on 14 Apr 1945, Joseph Stalin ordered 20 armies, 8,500 aircraft, and 6,300 tanks to march toward Berlin, Germany. -
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight D. Eisenhower was the supreme commander of Allied forces in Western Europe during World War ll. He led the huge invasion of Nazi- occupied Europe that began in D-Day.
