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Africans beyond the Sahara began trading with Europeans.
Europeans began long sea voyages. -
African traders began selling enslaved people for guns and other European goods. Europeans built trading posts on African coasts
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Southern and Eastern Africa were colonized.
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Slave trade was no longer legal. European powers began actively colonizing Africa.
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European nations had divided most of Africa in colonies.
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South Africa gained independence from Great Britain.
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People started political organization with goal of independence from Britain.
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Ethiopia was never colonized but Italy invaded Ethiopia.
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African independence movements gained momentum.
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South Africa adapted apartheid , a former South African policy of strict separation of races.
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Sudan gained independence. Southerners rebelled against northern rule.
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Ghana became independent.
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Belgium abruptly granted independence to the Belgian Congo.
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An ANC leader was taken to jail.
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Kenya gained independence.
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Joseph Mobutu seized power, and changed the country's name to Zaire.
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An oil-rich region controlled by the Igbo ethnic group attempted to leave Nigeria.
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South Africas government realized that apartheid was destroying South Africa.
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Mandela was released from prison.
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South Africans of all races voted together and Mandela became president.
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Hutu military and militia groups killed an estimated 8,000 to 1 million Tutsis.
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Civil wars raged and killed several million people.
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A movement for democracy that came to be known as the Arab spring.
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Sudan became fully independent.
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Tunisias director resigned in January and a more democrat government was put in place.
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Morocco issued a new constitution that voters approved.
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Qaddafi was killed in October
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Arab Spring protests force president Hosni resign.
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Mohammed was elected to be president.
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The military imprisoned Morsi and banned his political party.