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- Yalta - After Germany surrendered, meeting held by the Allies/winners(F,B,R,US) agree on division of Germany and Berlin (capital) into 4 zones of influence (French, Britain, America, Soviet) Germany will pay reparations, de-militarize, de-nazify Poland and other Eastern European nations will be allowed to have free & democratic elections (Before Japan surrenders) Stalin agrees to enter war against Japanese and agrees to join UN as a member of Security Council (veto power) Roosevelt gran
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USSR : Warsaw Pact - defense pact created between USSR and Eastern Europe
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- meet in final conference of war (Stalin, Churchill, Clement Atlee, Harry Truman new US pres.)
- since Yalta, relations between Western and Soviets worsened
- Truman had tough stance toward USSR US don’t need USSR in Japan anymore, since they gained stronger position after testing Atomic Bomb US + Britain openly argue with USSR about how to divide Germany, amount of reparations Germany had to pay, and Russian influence over countries in Eastern Europe.
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-states that US would provide support for countries that reject Communism) ex. $400 million to Greece & Turkey
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- US provided $12.5billion to help rebuild Western Europe
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US : begins policy of *Containmentforeign policy making sure Communism did not spread beyond where it already existed
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- USSR : Stalin’s blockade - cut off supplies to West Berlin (controlled by France, US, UK) - US + allies : 11month airlift of supplies
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USSR : Stalin lifts the blockade, but starts to put up barbed wire and blockades between Eastern and Western Berlin US : US + her allies in Western Europe - mutual defense pact North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
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US and USSR starts an arms race USSR : 1949 - succeeds in testing an atomic bomb - US : promise to develop more powerful one, Hydrogen Bomb
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many African countries became independent from Europe but not ready
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North Korea invades South Korea using USSR weapons.
- US/UN forces help SK and push NK back up - fearful of losing, Communist China commits 300,000 troops to NK and retake Seoul - US/UN push NK back to original border - After 3 years of fight, the border between SK and NK stays about the same -
US : tests “H-Bomb” (powerful than the bomb used on Japan)
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- USSR : tests its own bomb in 1953
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Space race- USSR develops Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICMB) and launches world’s 1st satellite called “Sputnik”
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US also launches its own 1st satellite.
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US : Pres. John F. Kennedy pledges it will land man on moon and get him back by end of decade
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- USSR : sends 1st human into orbit (Yuri Gagarin)
- USSR : sends 1st human into orbit (Yuri Gagarin)
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US : sends up John Glenn
USSR : sends a probe to Venus -
- US lands Neil Armstrong on moon
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Berlin Wall falls Germany reunites - End of Colonialism, New nations India gains independence and then splits (’47)Philippines from the US (’46???)Burma (’48), Malaysia (’57) & Singapore (’65)free from BritishIndonesia from the Dutch (’49)Conflict in the Middle EastIsrael and Arab confrontations (’47 to present)
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end of Cold War collapse of USSR brought democratic reforms all over Eastern Europe by the early 1990’s
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As they move toward democracy, they also face several problems since democracy is a new system for most of them .
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-> Nuclear weapons spread sol. Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties