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Discovered at the mouth of the Hunter River in New South Wales by William Bryant, an escaping convict.
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William Clarke was the next to discover coal near Thirroul, on the south coast of New South Wales.
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Near the mouth of the Hunter River, the first coalmine was established in 1801.
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Governer King named Newcastle, after making it a permanent settlement. Production of salt was one of the first uses of Newcastle. It soon became Australia's centre for development in coal trade.
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Newcastle became producing salt by boiling seawater with local coal for fuel. Lime was also produced for building, by burning seashells.
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