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Executive Order 9981
President Harry S. Truman issues an order getting rid of racial segregation in the armed forces, integrating all African-American troops with white units. -
NAACP Pressure
Pressure for a ruling in Sweatt v. Painter that states that separate professional schools for blacks were not equal. Caused the slow awakening of the national conscience. Eventually caused the result of the Brown v. Board of Education case. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme Court decision that declared the establishment of separate public schools for African-American children unconstitutional. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks, an African American, college educated seamstress refused to give up her seat in the "whites only" section of a bus in Montgomery Alabama.
"I would like to be known as a person who is concerned about freedom and equality and justice and prosperity for all people." -
Year-long Black Boycott
Effect of Rosa Parks' actions. African Americans sent out a message that they would not stand for segregation anymore. Boycotted city buses for a whole year. -
SLCC
Martin Luther King, Jr., formed the SCLC. It aimed to utilize the power of black churches. Nonviolent means to produce an end.
"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."" -MLK -
Little Rock Nine
Nine African American teenagers were barred from enrolling in Little Rock Central High School. President Eisenhower mobilized the National Guard in order to ensure the attendance of the children to their classes -
SNCC
Sit-in movement: Greensboro, North Carolina. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: would lose patience with NAACP and SCLC -
Freedom Riders
Cause: Freedom Riders fanned out to end segregation in facilities serving interstate bus passengers
Effect: Freedom Ride bus torched, Robert Kennedy's representative beaten up, federal marshals dispatched for protection -
March on Washington
MLK-led; non-violent; 200,000 black and white demonstrators showing support for proposed civil rights legislation -
Civil Rights Act
Congress passed the law after a long filibuster. Banning, racial discrimation in most private facilities, it was a landmark bill. LBJ pushed for the passing of this as to honor JFK's memory. -
Voting Rights Act
Outlawed the literacy tests and sent federal voter registrars into several souther states. Results: African Americans no longer barred from the polls by southern states -
Miliken v. Bradley
Forced the poorest most disadvantaged elements of the white and black communities against on another in school districst -
More Citations
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CITATIONS
http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/bus_boycott.jpg
http://www.debbieschlussel.com/3649/1st-sharpton-naacp-defending-rapists-now-naacp-sclc-defending-teacher-killers/
http://sclcjeff.blogspot.com/
http
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:101st_Airborne_at_Little_Rock_Central_High.jpg
http://www.rosaparksfacts.com/images/slides/rosa-parks-slide-1.jpg
http://unit8willpseanf11.wikispaces.com/-Brown+vs.+Board+of+Education
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chicago_Defender_July_31_1948.jpg
