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The Chinese Exclusion Act required the few nonlaborers who sought entry to obtain certification from the Chinese government that they were qualified to immigrate. But this group found it increasingly difficult to prove that they were not laborers because the 1882 act defined excludables as “skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese employed in mining.” Thus very few Chinese could enter the country under the 1882 law.
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When the exclusion act expired in 1892, made permanent in 1902, added restrictions by requiring each Chinese resident to register and obtain a certificate of residence. Without a certificate, she or he faced deportation.
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The first large movement of blacks occurred during World War I, when 454,000 black southerners moved north.
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The Great Migration was the mass movement of about five million southern blacks to the north and west between 1915 and 1960
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In the 1920s, 800,000 blacks left the south,
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Between 1940 and 1960 over 3,348,000 blacks left the south for northern and western cities.
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In 1943 Congress repealed all the exclusion acts, leaving a yearly limit of 105 Chinese and gave foreign-born Chinese the right to seek naturalization. The so-called national origin system, with various modifications, lasted until Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1965.
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lasted until Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1965.
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July 1, 1968, a limit of 170,000 immigrants from outside the Western Hemisphere could enter the United States, with a maximum of 20,000 from any one country. Skill and the need for political asylum determined admission.