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He was born in Islington, London in England which is a part of the United Kingdom. He was the son to James and Anne Brooke Sherrington. But as a young child, his father, James Sherrington died and his mother married Dr. Caleb Rose later on.
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Influenced by his stepfather, he first begins at St. Thomas's Hospital and passes his primary exam for the Royal College of Surgeons and their Fellowship 2 years later. He continued studying but this time, in physiology under Michael Foster, and entered Gonville and Caius College in Cambridge in 1880.
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Charles Sherrington had decided to attend a medical congress in London, where Michael Foster, whom Charles studied under, considered the work of Charles Bell and other scientists on the study of nerves and how they function, which caused commotion. Charles decided to study this problem and published a paper on the subject in 1884.
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At Cambridge, under Professor George Humphrey, he became Demonstrator of Anatomy. At St. Thomas's Hospital during the winter session, he showed histology, the study of the microscpoic structure of tissues.
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During this year and the following year, he worked with Goltz, obtaining his M.R.C.S, a First Class in the Natural Sciences Tripos at Cambridge, and publishing a paper on Goltz's dogs.
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Charles was sent to Spain, and later Venice in 1886, as a member of the Committee of the Association for Research in Medicine to study cholera. He was later sent to Robert Koch to do research regarding bacteriology for six weeks.
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During this year, the spinal cord was a popular subject and influenced by Santiago Ramon y Cajal, John Langley, Walter Gaskell, Charles joined in the study. He published some papers on the nerve supply of muscles and on the spinal reflexes in the following years.
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Ethel Mary is the daughter of John Ely Wright. Later, the couple have their one and only son named Carr E. R. Sherrington, born in 1897.
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In Liverpool, he became Professor of Physiology at the University of Liverpool, where he continued his study on muscles acting in opposition which involved a reflex being reduced. Here, he also studies the pyramidal tract.
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This occurred while studying the distribution of segmented skins for three years. He discovered that a third of the nerve fibers in a muscle nerve are efferent, that they send impulses to the rest of the body, while the rest are motor, they make the muscles move.
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During this year, Charles was invited to be Waynfleet Professor of Physiology at Oxford, a job he tried to achieve but failed to acquire the job. Here, he stuck with this occupation until he retired in 1936.
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He received the Nobel Prize in physiology along with his colleague Edgar Adrian due to their reseacrh and discoveries on neurons. One discovery was that a third of the nerve fibres in a muscle nerve make the impulses which lead to other parts of the body. The other nerve fibers make the muscles move. See (A Discovery is Made!)
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He died in Eastbourne, Sussex due to heart failure after a couple of years of being ill.
