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United States invades Puerto Rico
Spain renounces dominion over Cuba, the Philippine Islands, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the United States for $20 million. -
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Puertorican teachers must learn English
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General John Eaton: first Education Commissioner of PR
Subtituted by his assistant Victor Clark. They submitted the first school related laws. The first law authorized school districts to organize and to stablish public schools. -
Dr. Eaton and Dr. Clark
Second part of the law: defined the public school, the students rights and the school year. Also declared that school should be free. -
Foraker Law
Gives the Commissioner of Public Instruction great powers in the government -
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Maintenance of Spanish- Acquisition of English
Espanish was going to be used in Elementary level with English as an especial subject. In the Secondary level all subjects in English plus Spanish as an especial subject. -
Teachers sent to learn English in US
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Dr. Ronald P. Falkner
First to impose the teaching of English in all grades of the public schools. -
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Dr. Edwin G. Dexter: English only policy
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35,000 students
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Health, Hygiene and Reading in Spanish.
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Spanish 1-4 grades. Half English, half Spanish from 5-12
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Juan B. Huyke
Publishing of school material in Spanish is prohibited -
Jose Padin: All elementary subjects in Spanish, English as a second language
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Jose M. Gallardo
Strengthening of English education -
Dr. Mariano Villaronga
Last Commissioner of Public Instruction named by a US president. Spanish as main language. -
Dr. Efrain Sanchez Hidalgo: the teaching of English improved
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Dr. Ramon Mellado Parson: Back to basics, Desarrollo de maestros bilingues
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Hector Lopez Galarza: Spanish only
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Professor Celeste Benitez
Schoolwide Program -
Spanish only Law is cancelled
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Development of the Bilingual Citizen
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Dr. Cesar Rey Hernandez
"Proyecto de Renovacion Curricular" Revision of the Standards