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I his life time (490-430 B.C.E.) Empedocles was the first to bring the Idea of the four elements thatmake up the earth. In his veiw everything was made of either; Fire, Air, Water, or, Earth.
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Adding on to Empedocles' four elements, Aristotle also beleived in the Idea the universe was made of only several different "elements". Along with bringing popularity to the Idea Aristotle added a fith "element", Aether. Aristotle's beliefs set science back for thousands of years.
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Democitus and his mentor came up with the earliest most acurate discription of an atom. They stated most of the ideals we see in an atom today.
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Alchemestry helped give way to modern chemestry, mass conversions, stoichiometry, and even the periodic table.
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Ben Franklin was able to find the size on an atom before the molecular theory was created. He also found there are two charges to electricity, Positive and Negative.
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Antoine came up with the law of conservation of mass and helped rearrange the periodic table and elements. He changed science from qualitative to quantitative.
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Joseph Proust came up with the law of constant composition. This states in a reaction matter is neither created nor destroyed.
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Dalton came up withe one of the first atomic theories and was the first one to dub the particle an atom. He established a theory with 5 main points, that is still mostly used today.
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Woked on electromagnetism. He made electricity avaleable for practical uses. the overall work on charge and Ions helped the atomic structure community.
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Cookes worked on spectroscopy. Cookes' work helped him discover the element thallium.
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A Russian Chemist that created his own periodic table. This new table helped him predict several new elements.
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Henri Discovered radioactivity. Henri realized Uranium salt shot off particles which led him to the conclusion of radioactivity. The Si unit for radioactivity is named after him.
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With several works on quantum theory and radioactivity these two were the power couple. Together they have 5 nobel prizes.
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Einstein helped create modern quantum theory. The Annus Mirabilis papers which are four articles pertaining to the photoelectric effect (which gave rise to quantum theory) he had published,
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J.J. created cathode rays and observed how they work. Negative rays are strait and positive are spread out. He also discovered isotopes of atoms.
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Throughout 1913 Bohr worked on his atomic model. Bohr's new model was like any other planetary model of that time, but Bohrhad the idea that electrons played an important roll in the atomic structure. Today we know it as the Bohr model, with rings of electrons expanding out from the nucleus.
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Planck was one of the original pioneers that created quantum physics.
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The father of nuclear chemestry. Rutherford did countless numbers of experiments that bettered our understanding of nuclear chemestry.
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Erwin created a wave equation for the movements of electrons. He also found a set of fundemental results in quantum theory.
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Millikan discovered the elementary charges of electrons and protons. For example Protons are positive and electrons are negative.
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De Broglie had the Idea that electrons exhibit wavelike movements. Along with electrons De Broglie said all matter exhibits wavellike properties.
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James Chadwick was the man to discover the Neutron. James' work on the atom helped him land a spot on the manhatten project and a nobel prize.
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He had great strives with quantum phisics, and was one of the forrunners in working on nuclear fissure.
