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In 1789, Antoine Lavoisier names an element that he discovers oxygen. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/332700/Antoine-Laurent-Lavoisier
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In 1793, Joseph Proust came up with Proust's Law, or the law of definite proportions. This states that the relative quantities of any given pure element remain invariant regardless of their original source http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/480555/Joseph-Louis-Proust
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Dalton experimented with the pressure of steam and other vapors at various in a vacuum and in air. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/150287/John-Dalton
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Young experimented with light particles, and then used this to explain polarity and developed the principle of interference of light. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/653983/Thomas-Young
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Some time between 1885 and 1889, Heinrich Hertz was the first to broadcast and receive radio waves and measure their length and velocity. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/263899/Heinrich-Hertz
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Max Planck originated the idea of Quantum Theory. which revolutionized our understanding of atomic and subatomic processes, just as Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/462888/Max-Planck
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Marie Curie and Pierre Curie discovered polonium in 1898 and a few months later they discovered radium
Marie and Pierre both recieved a Nobel Prize in 1903, and Marie recieved one in 1911 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/146871/Marie-Curie
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/146885/Pierre-Curie -
Thomson revolutionized the knowledge of atomic structure by discovering the electron. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/593074/Sir-JJ-Thomson
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In 1908, Rutherford got the Nobel Prize because of his feats in the field of radioactivity. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/514229/Ernest-Rutherford-Baron-Rutherford-of-Nelson
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In 1909, Ernst Marsden performed experiments on gold particles that were bombarded with fast-moving, alpha particles, this supported Bohr's Theory. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/366451/Ernest-Marsden
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Einstein developed the special and general theories of relativity and then in 1921 he recieved the Nobel Prize for his explanation of the photoelctric effect. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/181349/Albert-Einstein
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was the first person to apply the quantum concept. this was not really a discovery, but it revolutionized the study of physics.
In 1922 he recieved the Nobel Prize http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/71670/Niels-Bohr -
In 1925, Wolfgang Pauli discovered the Pauli exclusion principle, which says: in an atom, no two electrons can simultaneously occupy the same quantum state. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/447114/Wolfgang-Pauli
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Schrodinger introduced the Schrodinger equation, which is based on the idea that particles move in wave-like motions in specific situations.
He also came up with a confusing thought experiment about a cat in a box with a viial of poison. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/528287/Erwin-Schrodinger -
discovered and explained the change in the wavelength of X rays when they collide with electrons in metals
Its discovery in 1922 confirmed the dual nature of electromagnetic radiation as both a wave and a particle. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/130353/Arthur-Holly-Compton -
He also won a Nobel Prize in 1933 shared with Erwin Schrödinger.
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German physicist who introduced the first successful detector (the Geiger counter) of individual alpha particles and other ionizing radiations. Geiger devised the technique of coincidence counting and used it in 1924 to clarify the details of the Compton effect. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/227810/Hans-Geiger
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Joilot-Curie discovered new radioactive isotopes that had been artificially prepared, beginning in 1928. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1353203/Frederic-and-Irene-Joliot-Curie#ref652104
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Discovered the wave nature of electrons by experimenting with crystals and noticing the diffraction in 1927. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/80727/Louis-Victor-7e-duke-de-Broglie
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1929/broglie-bio.html -
In the '30s, Meitner, Hahn, and Strassman discovered uranium fission. they received the Enrico Fermi Award in 1966. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/373527/Lise-Meitner
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German physicist and philosopher who discovered a way to formulate quantum mechanics in terms of matrices, he published his uncertainty principleHe also made important contributions to the theories of the hydrodynamics http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/259761/Werner-Heisenberg
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Discovered the Neutron. Experiments involved bombarding elements with alpha particles. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/104235/Sir-James-Chadwick
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In 1936, Carl Anderson, along with Victor Hess, discovers the positron, also known as a negative electron. For this, they won the Nobel Prize. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/23589/Carl-David-Anderson
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One of the chief architects of the nuclear age, Fermi developed the mathematical statistics required to clarify a large class of subatomic phenomena, explored nuclear transformations caused by neutrons, and directed the first controlled chain reaction involving nuclear fission. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/204747/Enrico-Fermi
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with his aunt Lise Meitner, described the division of neutron-bombarded uranium into lighter elements and named the process fission http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/220450/Otto-Robert-Frisch
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In the '60s, individually came up with seperate classifications of any sub-atomic particle which interact with strong force.
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The two American physicists won the prize for introducing new ideas into quantum electrodynamics. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/205700/Richard-P-Feynman http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/528714/Julian-Seymour-Schwinger
