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In the French and Indian war the British saw the French building forts along the Ohio River and believed it was to provoke them and to prevent the British colonies to expand farther west. In the end the British were able to take control of the French settlements in current day Canada. After the Peace if Paris negotiation the British gained control of Spanish Florida and French Canada ending most French control of North America.
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In 1763 Chief Pontiac was angered by more European westward expansion and the treatment they were receiving from the British compared to the French. They also were being pushed off their land, so in retaliation partnered with Natives in the Ohio Valley and destroyed European forts and settlements. -
To reduce hostile encounters between the colonist and Native Americans the British up the Proclamation Line of 1763 where colonist would not be able to settle beyond the Appalachian Mountains. The colonist defied this, because after the French and Indian war they hoped to be able to access the western frontier, so thousands went westward beyond the British imaginary line. -
The British placed revenue stamps on most printed paper in the colonies including legal documents, newspapers, advertisements, and pamphlets. This enraged people in the colonies; the most effective form of protest being boycotting British imports making trade revenue drop significantly. -
After the repeal of the Stamp Act Parliament enacted the Declaratory Act where it stated that Parliament had the power to tax and make laws in the colonies "in all cases whatsoever". This became the justification for the British to tax the colonies, even though the colonists strongly disliked British taxation.
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British Prime Minister, Lord North, granted the East India Company a right to a monopoly to sell tea to the American Colonies. With the taxes of the Townshend Act colonists had to pay taxes on the tea that was being imported by the East India Company. However, the taxation on the tea was disliked by the colonists and led to the Boston Tea Party.
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Boston’s Governor, who was a pro-British Loyalist, allowed the ships with tea to dock at the port and made colonial merchants pay the taxes for the cargo. Organized by Sons of Liberty a group of about 50 Bostonians disguised as Native Americans boarded ships Beaver, Dartmouth, and Eleanor. In relation from the governors demands and the tea act; they dumped 342 crates of tea into the Boston harbor costing about $1.7 million in today’s currency. This led the British to enact the Intolerable Acts. -
This was formed in the purpose of responding to what delegate view as the British infringement on their parliamentary rights. This was inaccurate representation of colonist at the time since most colonists did not want to challenge the British. However, they still adopted these demands called the resolves, the declaration and resolves, the continental association and declared if the colonial rights were not recognized by May of 1775 the delegate would meet again.
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After fighting broke out in Massachusetts the delegate reformed but were divided since New England delegates wanted independence, while the Middle Colonies delegates wanted to negotiate with the British. They adopted a Declaration of Causes and Necessities for Taking up Arms and called on the colonies to provide troops. As a peace effort the colonies sent the Olive Branch Petition to Britain in which they pledged their loyalty as long as Britain recognizes their rights.
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On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee of Virginia introduce a resolution in declaring the colonies independent of British control, in which 5 delegate including Thomas Jefferson formed a committee to write a statement in support of independence. The declaration included the reasons against George III's government and justified the revolution due to the basic principles. The congress adopted the resolution for independence on July 2 and the Declaration was fully adopted July 4, 1776 -
This was the first constitution for the US which protected the powers of individual states. It established a small central government with one legislature and allowed the congress to wage war, make treaties, send diplomatic representatives, and borrow money, but had no power to regulate commerce or collect taxes. It was able to negotiate terms of the Treaty of Paris and pass the Land of Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance of 1787. -
The war had become unpopular in Britain due to the strain on the economy and government finances, so Whig Leaders who replaced Tory minister negotiated with the colonies for the Treat of Paris. The treaty was signed and provided benefits for both sides such as the US would be recognized as a independent nation by Britain and the US would have pay debts owed to the British merchants.
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This is where many political leaders of the time such as George Washington, James Madison, and Benjamin Franklin gathered to discuss how amend the problems with the Articles of Confederation. In which they then decided that a new constitution needed to be created; so, they then debated what the constitution should include and how the government should be structured.
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For the land between the Greatlakes and the Ohio River it allowed limited self-government in the developing territory and prohibited slavery in the region.
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For the US constitution to be ratified 9/13 states had to ratify it, Delaware being the first and New Hampshire being the 9th state to do so, and Rhode Island was the last state to ratify. With the help of the Federalist Papers, it helps citizens to understand the constitution and why it would be beneficial for the US. Four states ratified the Constitution once they sent recommendations for amendments to them, eventually becoming the Bill of Rights.
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The constitution is the basis of the US government and lays the foundation to how the government operates today. It holds several compromises between the north and south, such as the Great Compromise in which decided the bilateral congressional structure and the 3/5 Compromise in which established how enslaved people were to be counted for population of states and dehumanized enslave people. Taken into effect on March 9, 1787. -
Hamilton persuaded Congress to increase excise taxes, particularly on the sale of Whiskey to make up lost revenue. In western Pennsylvania farmers refused to pay the federal tax attacking revenue collectors. In response Washington sent state militiamen under the control to intimidate the farmers, ending the rebellion without any bloodshed. Many applauded Washington, however among westerners it was seen as an unwarranted use of force against the common people by the federal government.
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In the French Revolution the French wanted support from the US to go against the monarchy, due to the French helping the American Revolution and was widely supported by many Americans. However, Washington believed the young nation was not strong enough to engage in European wars, so he issued the proclamation of US neutrality in the conflict in which Jefferson resigned from the cabinet. -
British had been searching and seizing American ships and impressing seaman into the British navy. After a year of negotiation, the British agreed to evacuate its posts in the US western Frontier, however, did nothing about British seizures of American merchant ships. It was unpopular, but maintained Washington's policy of neutrality, keeping the US at peace.
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The Spanish saw Jay Treaty as that the US was drawing closer to Spain's foe Britain. So, to counter act that the Spanish negotiated with Thomas Pinckney from the US and allowed the US to use the lower Mississippi River and New Orleans for American trade. This allowed the US to transfer cargo in New Orleans without paying dues to the Spanish. Also, the Spanish accepted the US claim of the Florida's northern boundary should be at teh31st parallel.
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Assisted by Hamilton, Washington wrote a retirement farewell for publication in the newspapers in late 1796. It warned Americans too, "not to get involved in European affairs", "not to make 'permanent alliances' in foreign affairs", "not to form political parties", "not to fall into sectionalism". This set precedence for future presidents of; staying neutral, serving only 2 terms, and to not have political parties, however many of these were ignored. -
The American public were unhappy with the reports of American merchant ships being seized by French warships and privateers. To a peaceful settlement Adams sent a delegation to Paris to negotiate with the French government. French minister known only as X, Y, and Z requested bribes as the basis for entering negotiations. The delegates refused and the newspaper reports of the demands angered many Americans and made them against fighting in the French Revolution.
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Due to a Federalist majority in both houses the party was able to pass laws that would restrict their opponents the Democratic-Republicans. They passed the Alien Act which allowed the president to deport aliens that were considered dangerous or detain them in times of war. This outraged the Democratic-Republicans because they believed it went against US values.
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Due to a Federalist majority in both houses the party was able to pass laws that would restrict their opponents the Democratic-Republicans. The Sedation Act made it illegal for newspapers editors to criticize their president or congress and impose fines or imprisonment if it did happen. This outraged the Democratic-Republicans because they believed it went against the 1st Amendment.
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The Democratic-Republicans argued that the Alien and Sedition acts impeded on the 1st Amendment. To nullify the laws passed state legislatures pass other laws to counter act them. In Kentucky , a resolution written by Jefferson and in Virginia (12/24/1798) a resolution introduced by Madison were enacted. In both it declared that the states entered a compact in forming a national government and therefore if a federal government broke the compact the state could nullify the federal law.
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In this election the Federalists lost power from both the executive and legislative branches and on the ballot, there was tow Democratic-Republicans: Thomas Jefferson and Arron Burr. They both received the same number of electoral ballots, so in the House there was a special election to break the tie. The Federalists still controlled the House in December of 1800, so they debated for many days to decide with Hamilton urging his followers to vote for Jefferson.