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Experimental Philosophy
Psychology was only a branch of philosophy which was known as experimental philosophy because it aimed to answer questions about the human condition, similar to philosophy. -
Introspection
Wundt opened the first experimental psychology lab in Germany which marked the start of scientific psychology. He attempted to analyse human consciousness in which he conducted systematic tests. This became known as introspection, looking at one's own mental processes -
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Psychodynamic Approach
Emphasises the influence of the unconscious mind on behaviour - psychodynamic approach -
Behaviourist Approach
John B. Watson established the behaviourist approach with B.F. Skinner after writing Psychology as the Behaviourist Sees It. -
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Humanistic Approach
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow rejected the dominant psychodynamic and behaviourist approach and developed the idea that self-deftermination and free will influence behaviour more than external factors do. -
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The Computer Metaphor
The introduction of digital computers acted as a new metaphor for psychologists which led to the cognitive approach - he scientific study of mental processes (and this is when memory studies started to be conducted). -
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Social Learning Theory
The social learning theory explains the role of cognitive factors in learning which created a link between the cogntitive approach and traditional behaviourist approach, established by Albert Bandura. -
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Biological Approach
Advances on technology meant that this approach began to become the dominant perspective because of an increased understanding of the brain and biological processes. -
Cognitive Neuroscience
This perspective appeared at the begining of the 21st century that combines the cognitive and biological approaches. It investigates how biological structures influence mental states.