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Period: 1500 to
Latin
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- Latin was the dominant language of education, commerce, religion, and government in the Western World.
- Latin became an occasional subject in the school curriculum.
- "It was the Lingua Franca".
- Latin grammar was taught through rote learning of grammar rules, conjugations, translations and practice writing sample sentences. -
Beginning of Grammar Translation Method
Grammar Translation is a way of studying a language that approaches the language first through detailed analysis of its grammar rules, followed by application of this knowledge to the task of translating sentences and text into and out of the target language. -
Period: to
Grammar Translation
Grammar Translation dominated European and foreign language teaching -
Henry Sweet
He set principles for the development of teaching method:
- Careful selection of what is to be taught
- Imposing limits on what is to be taught
- Arranging what is to be taught in terms of the 4 skills (L,S,R,W)
- Grading materials from simple to complex -
Grammar Translation Method opossition
Opossition to the Grammar Translation Method gradually developed in several European countries. -
L. Sauveur
Used intensive oral interaction in the target language employing questions as a way of presenting and eliciting language. -
Reform Movement
- The discipline of linguistics was revitalized.
- Phonetics was established.
- Linguistics emphasized that speech was the primary form of language.
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Wilhelm Viëtor
He argued that training in Phonetics would enable teachers to pronounce the language accurately. Speech patterns, rather than grammar, were the fundamental elements of language. -
F. Franke
He wrote the pshycological principles of direct association between forms and meanings in the target language and provided a theorical justification for a monolingual approach to teaching. -
IPA
The International Phonetic Association was Founded. -
Period: to
Karl Pearson
Based on the research conducted over the past decade, we can formulate some key guiding principles for the approach.
1. PCA should be meaning-focused and personally significant as a whole.
2. The controlled practice principle
3. The declarative input principle
4. The focus-on-form principle
5. The formulaic language principle
7. The focused interaction principle -
twenty century
Use of the Direct Method in France and Germany it was gradually modified in two versions that combined some direct method techniques with more controlled grammar based activities. -
Period: to
1950-1980
In this years it saw the emergence of the audiolingual method and the situational method. -
CommunicativeLanguage Teaching
Communicative language teaching was introduced at the beginning of the 1970s by British and American scholars to promote the teaching of usable communicative skills in L2 instruction. -
Period: to
Teachers and students
The teacher gear up the language teaching tools, appropriate to the current trends with the modern pedagogical approaches and methodologies in language teaching. Language teaching plays an important role to open up its resources to the learners to enable them to find the right expressions to convey the intended meaning
Students are increasingly likely to communicate with speakers of English or to access information in English via the Internet than they are in realized imagined-spaces. -
Period: to
EFL
EFL students are increasingly likely to communicate with speakers of English or to access information in English via the Internet than they are in realized imagined-spaces. However, those English speakers are not probably from the core. As English continues to dominate the industries of business and technology, its status as a lingua franca is not about to change in the foreseeable future. -
Microsoft, Intel and CISCO
The three companies were alarmed that graduates were entering the workforce with skills that did not prepare them for employmet in a digital age.