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Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Shot by Gavrilo Princip.The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austria-Hungary's south-Slav provinces so they could be combined into a Greater Serbia or a Yugoslavia. -
Partition of India
It was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics. This led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India -
Japan makes 21 Demands in China
They were a set of demands made by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu sent to the nominal government of the Republic of China resulting in two treaties with Japan. These demands - comprising five groupings - required that China immediately cease its leasing of territory to foreign powers and to ascent to Japanese control over Manchuria and Shandong (Shantung) among other demands. -
Japan Makes 21 Demands on China
Designed to give Japan dominance over China. The demand required China to immediately cease its leasing of terriotry to foreigners. This shows Japan's dominance of China at that time. -
Gallipoli Capmaign
A.k.a. the Dardanelles Campaign or the Battle of Gallipoli or the Battle of Çanakkale took place at the peninsula of Gallipoli in the Ottoman Empire (in modern day Turkey) between 25 April 1915 and 9 January 1916, during the First World War. A joint British and French operation was mounted to capture the Ottoman capital of Istanbuland secure a sea route to Russia. However, the attempt was not successfull -
Gallipoli Campaign
British's attempt to take over the Dradanelles(led by Winston Chruchhill) in ortder to aid Russia against the Turks and Germany, However, it failed due to the Turks prediction of their arrival. -
German resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare
Germany wanted to stop the resupply of the Allies, especially from the US and to demoralize the British. It pushed the US into WW1. -
Bolshevik Revolution
It was a political revolution, mass insurrection and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917. It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd traditionally dated to 25 October 1917 Old Style Julian Calendar (O.S.), which corresponds with 7 November 1917 New Style (N.S.).Gregorian Calendar -
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Civil War in Russia
A war fought between the REd Army and the White army after retirement of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Allowed Russia to withdraw from WW1 but at a huge cost in lost of terriotry/industrial resources. It allowed Germany to move more trrops to the Western Front. -
Paris Peace Conference
a meeting where over 30 nations participated to discuss peace after WW1 and developed treaties such as the Treaty of Versailles. -
League of Nations
Established by several world leaders after WW1 to prevent the second WW but failed. It was an earlier version of the UN in which it improved the working/living standards, took action against slavery -
lenin's economic policy
It was an economic policy proposed by Vladimir Lenin, who called it state capitalism. Allowing some private ventures, the NEP allowed small animal businesses or smoke shops, for instance, to reopen for private profit while the state continued to control banks, foreign trade, and large industries. It was officially decided in the course of the 10th Congress of the All-Russian Communist Party. -
Ataturk Proclaims Republic of Turkey
A series of political, legal, cultural, social and economic policy changes that were designed to convert the new Republic of Turkey into a secular nation-state where practice of religion in various aspects of life was restricted. -
First Soviet Five-Year Plan
Goal: to modernize the Soviet industry. Was established by Joseph Stalin
1: Devloping heavy indusrty/collectivizing agriculture
2:Continued the objective of the 1st, caused famines
3:Production of armaments
4:Heavy industry/military buildup -
US Stock Market Crash
Contributed to the Great Drepssion. many banks collapsed. effects:loss of jobs, poverty, us economy fell -
Civil Disobedient Movement in India
A non-violent protest movement led by Ghandi to gain independence from Britain. Civil disobedient was used to get what the people wanted -
Japanese Invasion of Manchuria
Japan's attempt to gain control over the whole province in order to surround all of East Asia. This was one of the causes of WW2 and it changed Japan's foreign policy. -
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Hitler's rule in Germany
Purpose: He believed that Germany was the greatest nation and he was power hungry and wanted Germany to regain power again. Effects: WW2, fascism, Holocaust -
Sandino is murdered in Nicaragua
he was a revolutionary leader against the US military presence in Nicaragua. Was murdered by General Anastasio Somoza Garcia. -
Long March by Chinese Communists
It was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) army. There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west. -
Mussolini launches fascist movement
Involved the National Fascist Party under Benito Mussolini. It changed Italy into a fascist state and increased the popularity of communism. -
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Stlain's Great Purge
Stalin became paranoid in order to keep himself in power. Lands were taken away and millions of people were killed by the secret police and other organizations, -
Invasion of China by Japan
Causes: Overpopulation, lack of national resources, nationalism
It stated off as an explosion on a railway near Mukden where the Japanese balmed the Chinese. The chinese opened fire, resulting in Japan invading Manchuria and continued to invade more of China, ignoring the LON. This showed that the LOn was powerless against agression. -
German Auschluss with Austria
The merging of Austria and Germany under Hitler's rule. It strengthened Europe, breaching the Treaty of Versailles. -
Cardenas Nationalizes oil industry in mexico
it was the expropriation of all oil reserves, facilities, and foreign oil companies in Mexico in 1938. It took place when President and General Lázaro Cárdenas declared that all mineral and oil reserves found within Mexico belong to the nation -
Invasion of Poland by Germany
Began immediately after WW2 was announced. Germany wanted land to populate with Germans. Poland was able to survive the assault and remains as it's own governing country today. Led British to join in the war. -
German Invasion of USSR
Causes: hitler wanted Germany to have an empire and Germany needed food, military, raw materials, and oil reserves Effects: Over 20 million Soviets killed, led to Cold War -
soviet Victory at Stalingrad
Was the turning point of the war. The germans threw everything into the battle using their abundance if troops(successful). This convinced the WEstern allies to open up a Western Front against the Germans -
D-Day
occured during WW2 where the landings of troops took place in Normandy to put an end to the Nazis -
Capture of Berlin by Soviet Forces
Soviet Army's attack on Berlin resulted in the spread of Communism because of the propaganda used in the city -
Division of Berlin and German
The victorious Allied Powers reached the Potsdam Agreement on the fate of postwar Europe, calling for the division of defeated Germany into four temporary occupation zones (thus re-affirming principles laid out earlier by the Yalta Conference). These zones were located roughly around the current locations of the allied armies. he Soviet zone produced much of Germany's food supply, while the territory of the British and American zones had to rely on food imports even before the war. -
Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagaski
During the final stages of World War II in 1945, the Allies of World War II conducted two atomic bombings against the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. -
Establishment of the UN
An organization made up of most countries in the world
Goal: to acheive world peace and justice. Even to this day the Un still fufills it's duty by maintaining peace and order in this world. -
Creation of Israel
The State of Israel declared independence and after almost two millennia of Jewish dispersal and persecution around the Mediterranean. From the late 19th century the Zionist movement worked towards the goal of creating a homeland for the Jewish people. Mass migrations took place of the Jews. -
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Arab Israeli War
A conflict between Israel and a series of Arab states/Palestinran Arab forces. Resulted in the Armistace Agreements which created lines to separate the Israeli forces and the forces in Jordanian-held West Bank. -
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Apartheid in South Africa
It was a system of racial segregation enforced through legislation by the National Party governments of South Africa, under which the rights of the majority non-white inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and white supremacy and Afrikaner minority rule was maintained. -
Establishment of NATO
The victorious Allied Powers reached the Potsdam Agreement on the fate of postwar Europe, calling for the division of defeated Germany into four temporary occupation zones (thus re-affirming principles laid out earlier by the Yalta Conference). These zones were located roughly around the current locations of the allied armies. he Soviet zone produced much of Germany's food supply, while the territory of the British and American zones had to rely on food imports even before the war. -
Establishment of the People's Republic of China
Established by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party after defeating Chiang Kaishek and his National forces. It united the nation under a communist government and paved the way for China to become the modern world power today. -
Korean War
Conflict between North Korean Communists and south Korean Republicans(US). Increased tensions between the US and Soviet Union and also showed that US will go to war in order to stop communism from spreading -
French defeat at Dien Bien Phu
War between French Union forces of the French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Vietnamese Viet Minh communist revolutionary forces. It led French to withdrawl from Indochina -
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Algerian War of Liberation
A conflict between France and Algerian independence movements, leading to Algeria gaining it's independence. The conflict was violent where terrosim, gueriall warfare, and many other types of tactics were used by both sides. -
Establishment of the Warsaw Pact
Established during the Cold War by the Soviet in an attempt to fight back against the US's NATO. It countered the threat of capitalism in Europe -
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US Troops in Vietnam
US wanted to prevent communism to spread. They landed in Vietnam but failed to spread the communist ideas. -
Uprising in Hungary
Hungarians refused the supression of their religion, poor quality foods, and loss of freedom. The working class took on and defeated the police and installed a new communist dictator. -
Suez Crisis
President Nusser if Egypt claimed ownership of the Canal, causing an international crisis by denying access to shipping from other nations. This brought Egypt to the verge of war with UK. -
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Great Leap Foward in China
An economic plan to increase crop production by mobolizing the peasant masses. It failed and resulted in a food famine, killing millions of people. Industrization declined. -
Castro comes to power in Cuba
He ended US economic dominance on the island and changed Cuba into a communist country, becoming the main storage of the Soviet Union's nuclear weapons -
Sino-Soviet Rift
A gradual worsening of relations between the PRC and the USSr during the Cold War. It led to a parallel split in the international Communist movement. Also led to Chinese communism. -
Construction of Berlin Wall
t was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, which circumscribed a wide area that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses. -
Creation of PLO
The Palestine Liberation Organization is a political and paramilitary organization which was created in 1964. It is a representative of the Palestine people and holds diplomatic relations. -
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Revolution in Iran
refers to events involving the overthrow of Iran's monarchy (Pahlavi dynasty) under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and its replacement with an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution. -
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iran-iraq war
Caused by border disputes and Shia Islam rebellions on Iraq's long suppressed Shia majority. Iraq wanted to be the dominant Persian Gulf State. -
soviet withdrawl in Afghanistan
CAuses: Could not conquer and hold the country Effects: Their victory led to the West losing interest in Afghanistan and the country fell into a warring state where different warlords fought control of the country. -
Persian Gulf War
Conflict between 34 nations led by the US against Iraq who invaded Kuwait for oil. The war made US get involved more in the Middle East. -
Reunification of Germany
Represented the end of communsim. Nationalism played a major role. -
Collapse of USSR
Officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, this collapse left all fifteen republics of the Soviet Union as independent sovereign states. The dissolution of the world's largest communist state also marked an end to the Cold War. -
Transfer of Hong Kong to China
it was the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China. -
Uprisings in Ukraine, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan
the 2010 Kyrgyzstani revolution, was a series of riots and demonstrations across Kyrgyzstan that led ultimately to the ousting of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev. The uprising stemmed from growing anger against Bakiyev's administration, rising energy prices, and the sluggish economy, and follow the government's closure of several media outlets. Protesters took control of a government office in Talas clashes between protesters and police in the capital Bishkek turned violen
