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It was invented in the 1440's, but was publicly accessible in the 1450's, and was made by Johannes Gutenberg. -
In May of 1453, the Ottomans took over Constantinople, and from their taxes, led the Spanish to discover the great contenant of America (name of both north and south america into one since there is Panama)
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The Alhambra Decree of 1492, issued by Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella, mandated the expulsion of all Jews from the Kingdom of Spain unless they converted to Catholicism by the end of July 1492. The Spanish Reconquista was completed in 1492 with the capture of Granada by the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile
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Michelangelo completed the famous ceiling frescoes of the Sistine Chapel in 1512. Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo for this work in 1508, and the entire ceiling was revealed to the public on October 31, 1512, with a papal mass the following day, All Saints' Day.
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Martin Luther launched the Protestant Reformation on October 31, 1517, by publishing his 95 Theses. Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses in Wittenberg, Germany, on October 31, 1517, challenging the practice of selling indulgences by the Catholic Church and sparking the Protestant Reformation.
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Martin Luther attended the Imperial Diet of Worms on April 17, 1521, after being summoned by Emperor Charles V to retract his writings against the Catholic Church. He refused, famously declaring, "I cannot and will not recant anything, for it is dangerous and a threat to salvation to act against one's conscience"
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The Act of Supremacy, passed by the English Parliament on November 3, 1534, declared King Henry VIII and his successors as the Supreme Head of the Church of England, effectively severing ties with the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope.
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Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (De revolutionibus orbium coelestium) in 1543, introducing his heliocentric model that challenged the Ptolemaic geocentric model by proposing that the Earth and other planets orbit the Sun
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The Council of Trent was the Catholic Church's pivotal response to the Protestant Reformation, clarifying and codifying Catholic doctrine and implementing reforms to address corruption and abuses
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The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty in 1555 that established the principle of cuius regio, eius religio ("whose realm, his religion"), allowing Holy Roman Empire princes to choose either Catholicism or Lutheranism for their territories
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The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre was a series of targeted assassinations and mob violence against Huguenots in Paris on August 24, 1572, and in other parts of France in the following months
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The War of the Three Henry's was the eighth and final conflict in the French Wars of Religion, a struggle for the French throne between King Henry III, Henry I of Guise, and Henry of Navarre
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The Spanish Armada was defeated on August 8, 1588, during the Battle of Gravelines following a series of skirmishes after the Armada entered the English Channel in late July
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The Edict of Nantes was proclaimed in 1598 by King Henry IV of France to grant religious and civil rights to Protestants in a predominantly Catholic nation