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The praxinoscope was invented in 1877 by Charles-Émile Reynaud. It was made by using strips of picture around the inside of a circle, and a set of mirrors on another circle inside the original. If the wheel is turned the image appears to be moving. The praxinoscope is the successor of the zoetrope.
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The first Flip Book animation appeared in September 1868 and it was patented by John Barnes Linnett, he patented it under the name kineograph.
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Although the date of the first movie camera is unknown the one made by Louis Le Prince was definately one of the first. He used a single lens camera and Eastmans paper film. He was not granted a patent for his single lens camera due to an interfering patent. He was granted a patent for his 16 lens camera that combined a motion picture camera with a projector
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Albert E. Smith and J. Stuart Blackton were the first people to use stop motion animation in 1898 when they created The Humpty Dumpty Circus
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Arthur Marvin was the first person to use Arthur Conan Doyle's detective character in a short feature film. Since the show includes a detective it is also considered the first detective film recorded. The show has a running time of 30 seconds.
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This was one of the first films that used stop-motion. It is a silent film that was produced by J. Stuart Blackton
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This film was released in 1908 and was considered one of the first fully animated films ever made. It was made using 700 drawings and had a running time of only 2 minutes
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Gertie the Dinosaur was released in 1914 by Winsor McCay. It was not the first animated film but is considered the first cartoon that had a character with an appealing personality. It was made using keyframe animation and it has a running time of 12 minutes.
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Alice's Wonderland was the first Disney film featuring Alice. It was a black and white, silent film with a running time of 12 minutes and 29 seconds.