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French and Indian War
After years of conflict between Britain and France the governer of virginia granted two thousand acres of the Ohio River Valley a disputed teritory; War is Waged and Britain Wins Native Americans realizing their lives are going to change and revolt; At a peace talk British intentionally pass on a disease to Native Americans. -
Writs of Assistance
- British parliament was in debt after the French & Indian War and were afraid of colonists trading with (France held territories)
- Allowed British officials to search colonial ships and homes without just cause or evidence of smuggling
- British parliament was in debt after the French & Indian War and were afraid of colonists trading with (France held territories)
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Treaty of Paris
- Signed by Britain and France as means to an end of the (French and Indian War)
- Britain took most lands in northeastern america ; Spain kept only land west of mississippi river and France had almost nothing both were devastated
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Proclomation of 1763
Native Americans fearing change in their life due to British settler crossing the appalation mountains and scaring maway their main source of food(Revolt) - Peace talks Fail- Proclomation created a line along the appalation mountains, which colonists were not allowed to cross
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John locke's Social Contract
All People Have (Natural Rights) – life, liberty, and property.- Social contract is that people will choose to obey a government, so long as they have their natural rights or they may overthrow the government
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Sugar Act & Colonial Response
- It halved the duty in foreign made molassess in hopes for colonial taxes being payed, knew duties were taxed unlike before, violators tried by single judge not sympathetic colonists
- Colonist claimed that it hindered merchant salary, and parliament had no right to tax colonist when it really only affected merchants & farmers
- It halved the duty in foreign made molassess in hopes for colonial taxes being payed, knew duties were taxed unlike before, violators tried by single judge not sympathetic colonists
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Stamp Act & Colonial Response
- Placed stamps on documents, printed documents, goods, and services as a way of ensuring the payment of taxes tracking whether or not someone payed tax
- Colonists got together to create The Sons of Liberty a group devoted to defying the law and they claimed it was unfair for them to be taxed as they had no representation in parliament
- Placed stamps on documents, printed documents, goods, and services as a way of ensuring the payment of taxes tracking whether or not someone payed tax
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Sons of Liberty is formed & Samuel Adams
- Created by colonists to protest the (Stamp Act) and boycotts ensued
- Samuel Adams was a founder and a leader of boycotts
- Created by colonists to protest the (Stamp Act) and boycotts ensued
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Declaratory Act
- “Asserted parliaments full right to bind the colonies and people of America in all cases whatsoever.”
- “Asserted parliaments full right to bind the colonies and people of America in all cases whatsoever.”
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Townshend Acts & Colonial Response
- Placed taxes on goods such as lead, glass, paint, and paper. Mainly it was the tax on tea the favored drink among the colonies
- Colonists responded by boycotting British goods; A major leader was Samuel Adams a founder of The Sons of Liberty
- Placed taxes on goods such as lead, glass, paint, and paper. Mainly it was the tax on tea the favored drink among the colonies
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Boston Massacre
- Outside the Boston Customs House colonists taunted British guards and five colonists were either shot dead or mortally wounded. Later Colonist called it the, Boston Massacre.
- Outside the Boston Customs House colonists taunted British guards and five colonists were either shot dead or mortally wounded. Later Colonist called it the, Boston Massacre.
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Tea Act
- Gave the almost bankrupt British East India company to sell tea directly without paying the taxes payed by colonial merchants, putting colonial merchants out of jobs. Colonist lead dramatic protests.
- Gave the almost bankrupt British East India company to sell tea directly without paying the taxes payed by colonial merchants, putting colonial merchants out of jobs. Colonist lead dramatic protests.
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Boston Tea Party
- Boston rebels disguised themselves as native Americans and took action against three British tea ships anchored in the harbor
- Rebels dumped 18,000 pounds of East India Company tea into the waters of Boston
- Boston rebels disguised themselves as native Americans and took action against three British tea ships anchored in the harbor
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Intolerable Acts – all three parts
First – A law was passed that shut down Boston harbor
Second (Quartering Act) – Authorized British commanders to house troops in vacant private homes and other buildings
Third – General Thomas Gage was put in charge of British troops in North America and imposed martial law in an effort to keep peace -
First Continental Congress Meets
- 56 delegates met in Philadelphia and drew up a declaration of colonial rights
- Stated that colonies had the right to run their own affairs and that if the British used force, the colonies would fight back
- 56 delegates met in Philadelphia and drew up a declaration of colonial rights
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Minute Men
- Civilian Soldiers who pledged to be ready to fight the British at a minute’s notice
- Civilian Soldiers who pledged to be ready to fight the British at a minute’s notice
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Midnight Riders – Paul Revere, William Dawes, Samuel Prescott
- All three men rode out on horseback to spread the word that 700 British troops were headed for Concord
- Church Bells & Gunshots – prearranged signals were sent from town to town, warning that the British were coming
- All three men rode out on horseback to spread the word that 700 British troops were headed for Concord
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Batlle of Lexington
- 70 minutemen drew up lines on the village greens and refused an order from a British commander to lay down their weapons. Minutemen advanced and a shot was fired.
- British soldiers returned fire leaving 8 minutemen killed and 10 wounded
- 70 minutemen drew up lines on the village greens and refused an order from a British commander to lay down their weapons. Minutemen advanced and a shot was fired.
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Battle of Concord
- British troops marched on to Concord to find an empty arsenal. After a brief skirmish with minutemen, British troops lined up to march back home and were ambushed by minutemen.
- Between 3,000 & 4,000 minutemen fired on the British forces leaving most of them dead and leaving rest humiliated on their way home making enemies of Britain
- British troops marched on to Concord to find an empty arsenal. After a brief skirmish with minutemen, British troops lined up to march back home and were ambushed by minutemen.
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Second Continental Congress
- Debates ensued due to the fact that some colonists called for independence while other called for reconciliation with Britain
- They eventually agreed to recognize the colonial militia as the Continental Army and appoint George Washington as leader
- Debates ensued due to the fact that some colonists called for independence while other called for reconciliation with Britain
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Continental Army
- A decision made by the continental congress to recognize the colonial militia as the Continental Army and appoint George Washington leader.
- Symbolized colonies recognizing that war with Britain was coming.
- A decision made by the continental congress to recognize the colonial militia as the Continental Army and appoint George Washington leader.
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Battle of Bunker Hill
- British lead a surprise attack and the colonist retreated
- By the time it was over 450 colonists and over 1,000 British had died
- British lead a surprise attack and the colonist retreated
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Olive Branch Petition
- Colonists sent this to the British leader asking for things to return to the way they were before. British leadership rejected the petition and proclaimed that the colonies were in rebellion.
- Parliament ordered a naval blockade along the American Coast to stop the transport of goods in and out
- Colonists sent this to the British leader asking for things to return to the way they were before. British leadership rejected the petition and proclaimed that the colonies were in rebellion.
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Declaration of Independance
Author – Thomas Paine- Claimed that independence would allow America to trade more freely and create a better society free of tyranny, with equal social and economic opportunities Adopted In – April 1776
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Publication of Common Sense
- Stated that the responsibility for British tyranny lay with the rich or essentially royalty of Britain
- Claimed that independence would allow America to trade more freely and create a society free of tyranny
- Stated that the responsibility for British tyranny lay with the rich or essentially royalty of Britain
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Loyalists & Patriots
Loyalists – Those who opposed independence remaining loyal to the British and wanted to avoid punishment as rebels thinking Britain would win Patriots – Supporters of independence who saw political and economic opportunity in an independent America -
Redcoats push Washington’s Army across the Delaware River into Pennsylvania
Took place on - November 1776 Took place in - New York Success Happened Because - colonial troops were untrained and poorly equipped -
Washington’s Christmas night Surprise Attack
Took place On - December 25, 1776 Took place In - Trenton, New Jersey
Success Happened Because – they were in smaller numbers, attacked during a storm, and surprised the enemy -
Saratoga
Burgoyne’s Plan – lead an army down a route of lakes from Canada to Albany, where he would meet up with British troops and combine forces to isolate New England from the other colonies It Failed Because – General Burgoyne did not account for the fact that the force he intended to meet up with was preoccupied holding Pennsylvania and would not be able to meet up with him. Outtcome – Burgoyne was surrounded by American troops and was forced to surrender on October 17, -
French American Alliance
- The American victory at Saratoga prompted the French to believe that the colonists could actually win the war, Eventually gaining them an alliance with France and a powerful allie.
- This gave Americans an unprecedented advantage and forced the British to fight a war on two fronts
- The American victory at Saratoga prompted the French to believe that the colonists could actually win the war, Eventually gaining them an alliance with France and a powerful allie.
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Valley Forge
- Washington and his troops fought to stay alive at their winter camp in Valley Forge with limited food and supplies - Most died, but none of the survivors deserted. Washington sent letters to congress about their suffering. -
Fredric Von Steuben
Fredric on Steuben(February 1778) - a prussian drill seargent who helped to train the continental army. He transformeed all the troops. -
Marquis de Lafayette
- Offered help to the Continental Army - Negotiated with France for reinforcements in 1779 -
British Victories in the South
Took Place In - Savannah Georgia Took Place On - End of 1778 Took Place In - Charles Town, South Carolina Took Place On - May 1780 -
British Surrender at Yorktown
October 19, 1781
Success Occured Because
- Continental found out about British plans and a french fleet defeated a Britsh fleet and Blocked chesapeake bay entrance
- This blocked the British from sending reinforcements and after constant bombardment the British surrendered -
Treaty of Paris
American Delagates - John Adams, John Jay, Benjamin Franklin - Conffirmed U.s independance and set boundaries for a new nation
