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Battle of the Atlantic
-German U-boats were attacking US and allie's ships
-They started to use the convoy method
-Allie's also discovered a sonar method to detect German U-boats
-By mid 1943, the Allie's had the upper hand -
Period: to
Battle of Stalingrad
- Germans violated nonaggression pact with Soviet Union and attacked.
- Hitler hoped to capture Soviet oil fields.
- Germans controlled 9 out of 10th parts of the city. They nearly won the battle.
- Hitler force Germans to stay put. As a result the Soviets took advantage of that and began to move westward towards Germany.
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Pearl Harbour
An attack on a US harbour resulting in
-2,400 civilians and US miliatary dead
-1,178 wounded
-18 ships and 350 planes sunk or damaged
Was viewed as a stunning victory for Japan
The next day December 8th 1941 America declares war on Japan -
Battle of the Coral Sea
- Prior to this battle, the Japanese were winning every battle and taking over the Pacific.
- Japan won the actual battle, but the allies were able to stop Japan invasion for the first time.
- U.S. was beginning to use the Island Hopping technique to weaken Japan’s forces.
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Battle of Midway
- Admiral Chester Nimitz intercepted Japanese code.
- U.S. launched surprise attack on Japan at Pacific island called Midway.
- The Japanese lost 4 carriers, a heavy cruiser, 3 destroyers, some 275 planes, at least 4,800 men, and suffered heavy damage among the remaining vessels of their fleet.
- U.S. was successful in the Battle of Midway by only loosing 1 carrier, the Yorktown, a destroyer, about 150 planes, and 307 men.
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Normandy Invasion (D-day)
-Allie's attacked a 60 mile stretch of beach
-they had ready 3 millon ally troops
-It was the largest land-sea-air operation in history by using 4,000 landing crafts, 600 warships and 11,000 planes.
there was anywhere between 2,500 to 6,000 ally deaths and between 4,000 and 9,000 german deaths.
- By September 1944, France was free from nazi control. -
Battle of the Bulge
-German tanks broke through the 80 mile American front lines
-Germany attempted to capture Antwerp and the battle was fought in Belgium.
-Very brutal war and 120,000 germans lost their lives and 80,000 Americans died
-It was a very close war with the Americans very close to losing but managed to hold them off in the end. -
Yalta Conference
-Took place before the war was over
-Roosevelt,Stalin and Churchhill met in Yalta in the Soviet Union to discuss post WW2
-Set up the United Nations -
Battle of Iwo Jima
-Iwo Jima was a major island in the Pacific belonging to Japan.
- 27,000 Japanese held the island.
- The American plan was to have control over the island of Iwo Jima so it could become a main area to lead attacks on the main Japanese islands.
- The US won this battle. -
End of Hitler
Hitler and Eva braun committed suicide using a gun and cyanide
Bodies were burned
-Was on the cover of Time Magazine, May 7th 1945 -
V-E day
General Eisenhower accepted a surrender by the third Reich
-V-E day= Victory in Europe
the first portion of the war was over -
Battle of Okinawa
- Japan's last defensive stronghold.
- Japan used 1,900 Kamikaze attacks.
- U.S. Won this battle.
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Potsdam
- Truman, Churchill, Clement Atlee, and Stalin met in Potsdam, Germany.
- Drew up a blueprint to disarm Germany and eliminate the Nazi regime.
- Divided Germany into 4 sections.
- Set up the Nuremberg Trials to persecute Nazi leaders
- Japan must “unconditionally surrender”.
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Potsdam
- Truman, Churchill, Clement Atlee, and Stalin met in Potsdam, Germany.
- Drew up a blueprint to disarm Germany and eliminate the Nazi regime.
- Divided Germany into 4 sections.
- Set up the Nuremberg Trials to persecute Nazi leaders - Japan must “unconditionally surrender”.
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Hiroshima
- “Little Boy”- In 43 seconds, the city collapsed to dust
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Nagasaki
- “Fat Man”- Leveled half of the city.
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Japan offers unconditional surrender
- Japan offers unconditional surrender.
- People around the world gather to celebrate the end of war.
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V-J Day
- Victory in Japan Day (Formal surrender)
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Period: to
U.S. Occupation of Japan
- General Douglas MacArthur oversaw the U.S. occupation for this period.
- Called for a New Constitution (with free elections and women suffrage)
- Introduced a free market economy.
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Period: to
Nuremberg Trials
- International tribunal court tried Nazi officials.
- Over 23 nations tried Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg, Germany.
- 12 of the 22 defendants were sentenced to death.
- 200 other officials were found guilty, but given lesser sentences.