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John Locke publishes "Essay Concerning Human Understanding"
the mind is a "tabula rasa" or a blank slate and our knowledge is developed through our experiences -
New England Primer is Printed
becomes the most widely used schoolbook in New England -
First Public Library
established in Charles Town, South Carolina -
Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Book "Emile, ou l'education" is published
describes his view of the importance of early education -
Bill of Rights is passed
the power to govern education is left to the states, not the federal government -
The blackboard is invented
invented by James Pillans -
First "Normal" School is Created for Teacher Education
Opens in Lexington, Massachusetts -
First Mandatory Attendance Law
Enacted by Massachusetts -
First Kindergarten is Started
founded in Watertown, Wisconsin by Margarethe Schurz -
The Department of Education is Created
Created to help states establish effective school systems -
Civil Rights Act is Passed
Bans segregation in all public places -
Ivan Pavlov Reads "The Experimental Psychology & Psychopathology of Animals"
explained his concept of conditioned reflex, classical conditioning -
First Montessori School Opens in Tarrytown, New York
Founded by Maria Montessori -
Thorndike's Book "Educational Psychology: The Psychology of Learning" is Published
Learning involoves habit formation or Connectionism between stimuli and repetition. -
John B. Watson Conducts Little Albert Study
Showed that children could be conditioned to fear stimuli of which they had previously been unafraid -
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is Developed
Introduces the concept of deviation IQ, still widely used in schools today for identifying students for special education services -
ENIAC Computer is built
built for the U.S. Military, a vacuum-tube computer -
B.F. Skinner's "Science & Human Behavior" is published
Operant Conditioning, changes in behavior are due to reinforcement -
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka is passed
rules that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal -
Bloom's Taxonomy is Developed
Divides the cognitive domain into six levels -
Lev Vygotsky's Book "Thought and Language" is introduced to America
the social nature of learning, Zone of Proximal Development -
Civil Rights Act Becomes Law
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Jerome Bruner's "Toward a Theory of Instruction" is Published
cognitive learning theory -
Herbert Kohl's Book "The Open Classroom" is published
promotes open education, student-centered classrooms, holistic learning -
Jean Piaget's Book "The Science of Education" is Published
Learning Cycle model, discovery-based teaching -
Texas Instruments Introduces the TI-2500 Calculator
first hand-held electronic calculator -
Rehabilitation Act/Section 504
guarantees civil rights for people with disabilities -
Apple II Compter is Introduced
One of the first personal computers used in schools. -
IBM Introduces Model 5150
Uses the MS-DOS operating system -
Madeline Hunter Publishes "Mastery Teaching"
Her direct instruction teaching model becomes widely used throughout America -
SMART Board is Introduced
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Brook's Book "In Search of Understanding: The Case for Constructivist Classrooms" is published
Learning best occurs through active construction rather than through passive reception -
NCLB is Approved by Congress
No Child Left Behind Act, mandates high-stakes testing & holds schools accountable for student performance -
Common Core State Standards Initiative is Launched
