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Lincoln's plan stated that a confederate state could rejoin the union once 10 percent of the voters in that state had pledged allegiance to the United States and conform to emancipation.
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In contrast to Lincoln's plan, the Wade-Davis Bill called for a majority of the state to swear that they had never supported the Confederacy.
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Johnson's plan included pardoning those who swore loyalty to the US, not pardoning confederate officers, accepting states who abolished slavery and repealed their secession ordinance.
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This parcially arose from the rift between Johnson and his Congress. Instead of allowing the reentry of Southern states pardoned under Johnson's plan, Congress formed its own committee to review the Reconstruction policy and create further restrictions on Southern States' reentry.
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The bill was meant to renew the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands that from Lincoln's time. The bill gave this bureau jurisdiction over cases involving the civil rights of African Americans. In 1866 Congress passed the bill over Johnson's veto.
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This bill was meant to preptect African Americans from discrimination. It specifically outlawed discrinimation in housing based on race. It added to the friction between President and Congress.
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The Congress, scared that Johnson would not enforce civil rights legislature develpoed the 14th Amendment, which gave the government the responsibility of equal rights under the law to all Americans. It also kept ex-Confederstes from holding office.
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Many voters were not impressed with Johnson's dirty campaigning and elected more Radical Republicans to office, This is important because it gave The Republicans in Congress basic free reign because every time Johnson vetoed a bill they previously approved, they could still pass it over his head.
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The first reconstruction Act put the South in five regions of military rule, but only for a short time.
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Aa Johnson, outnumbered by Congress, began to dismiss key Republican office holders and replace them with conservative generals who would not enforce Congress's laws with such vigor, the Congress began to consider impeachment. When he replaced his head of war department without Congresses approval they impeached based on political reasons, which were not enough to convict Johnson and th attack sent many conservative Republicans to his side. theragblog.blogspot.com/2008_06_01_archive.html
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Between 1869 and 1880, 16 blacks served in the House of Representatives and 2 in the Senate. They had been free before the war and were therefore fairly well-educated men who demonstrated competence.
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Grant won the election at 214 votes to Seymour's 80 in the electoral college.
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The fifteenth amedment states that no state could deny a male citizen his right to vote based on race, color, or previous ervitude. This amendment left loopholes for the state, who could still restrict voting by other means such as literacy or property.It was ratifyed by the states in 1870.
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The Ku Klux Klan acts, also known as the force acts, were the Grant administration's answer to the violence that the Klan spread The act made interference with voting rights a criminal offense, provided for government supervision of elections, and gave the president the right to wave habeas corpus rights in order to maintain order.
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Even though Grant's administration was tainted with corruption, he won the election easily. Horace Greeley opponent wasn't good at campaigning and promoted "Self -government" in the South which many Northerners were not ready to see so soon after the war.
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Because of this panic the country there was a revival of agitation to inflate the currency. This caused farmers to then join the soft money clamor side of the hard money vs. greenbacks debate.
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The Specie Resumption Act provided for a limited reduction of greenbacks leading to a full resumption of specie payments by Jan.1 1879. Framers and workers didn't like the idea as it would have resulted in deflation during a depression.
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President Grant's private secretary was implicated in tax evasion. He and federal revenue officers had conspired with distiller's to defraud the government and millions dollars in liquor tax. Orville E. Babcock was only saved from conviction the president. The incident confirmed people's suspicions of corruption in the government.
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In this election many votes from certain states were disputed. A electoral commission was created to decide who these votes would go to. The committee supported Hayes to the disapproval of many Democrats who were going to delay the House's approval of the committee's findings until a new election would have to be called. Thanks to the Compromise of 1877, Hayes won the votes and the election.
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The election of 1876 between Hayes and Tilden led to the Compromise of 1877. Republicans struck a deal with moderate Democrats that if they did not filibuster the decision to elect Hayes, Hayes would remove military occupation and leave the blacks of the South to be dealt with by the people of the South.
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