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1754- 1763 ; The French And Indian War Was A Very Long And Expsensive War Between France And Britain And Their Native American Allies For Control Over North America. After Britain Won, The King Began Taxing Colonies To Pay For The War, Which Angered The Colonists.
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The Proclamation of 1763 was Britains attempt to repay their Indian allies. The Colonists could not settle west of Appalachian Mountains. They were angry and tried to rebel but the king sent his troops to occupy.
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The Sugar Act Was An Act That Was Designed To Bring In Money From Colonies. Some Of The Colonists Ignored It But Some People Stopped Buying Sugar.
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All paper products were taxed. Such as newspapers, magazines, legal documents, playing cards, and all other products. The colonists were mad at the king because they never agreed on this act.
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The colonies had to provide the basic needs for the soldiers stationed near them. Bedding, cooking utensils, firewood, beer or cider, and candles.
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An act that taxed everything that was imported. Like lead, paint, paper, glass, and tea. The colonists got really mad and the protests got violent and more frequent.
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It stated that Britain could still pass laws affecting the colonies. It gave parliament power over the colonies.
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The colonies will not import into the providence or import from Great Britain from January 1, 1769 to January 1, 1770 until everything is repealed.
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The civilians harrased the redcoats and the British fired. 11 people were shot, and 5 were killed. The troops were found not guilty at a trial.
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Some tea was smuggled in from Holland. Tea would arrive in the colonies from the trading companies ships and merchants would sell it from there. Colonists who had not paid tax on the smuggledtea, would have to pay a tax on the regulated tea.
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The Sons of Liberty dressed as Indians and threw the tea into Boston Harbor. 5,000 to 7,000 people cheered.
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March 31- June 22, 1774 --The port of Boston was closed. Allows troops to house. All trials were moved to England. All group meetings were banned. Continental congress was called to orginize a meeting to deal with british actions.
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September 4 -October 16, 1774 --There were two groups, the Radical group that wanted the war or active resistance and the Moderates froup that wanted diplomatic or a political solution. The congress boycott ALL trade with Britain declerations of rights and grievences.
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It started with the Battles of Lexington & Concord fresh in their heads. Established the militia as the continental atmy to represent the 13 states. They elected George Washinton as commander in chief of the continental army.
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Patrick Henry expected a war, so he gave a speech that encouraged independence. He gave his soeech at the House of Burgessess.
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Sam Adams built a spy network. Paul Revere and William Dawes got charged of spreading the news about British troop movements. They had arranged signals to alert colonists.
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700 British VS 130 mintue men. Claims to be "The Shot Heard Around The World" 700 militia rally to Concord more then 3800 colonists join. The colonists and militia win. 73 redcoats were dead, with 174 wounded. 49 colonists and militia were dead, with 39 wounded.
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They captured the fort and artilery inside. Britain was forced away.
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He was chosen becuase of his experience and reputation. He used element of surprise to win. He was a daring leader.
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There was 2,200 British. Over 1,000 were dead or wounded. When the British were close, militia fired murderously. The Britsh won, but at a tremendous cost. There was only 400 militia casualties.
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December 30 - 31, 1775 --Benidict Arnold was wounded during battle, so he was forced away from Quebec and surrendered.
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A pamphlet that helped convince many Americans that a complete break from Britain was neccessary. It was a success and sold more then 100,000 copies in three months.
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The British realized their position was indeffensible. 11,000 British troops and some 1,000 loyalists departed Boston.
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Stated that the 13 American colonies were now independent states and no longer was a part of the British Empire. It listed grievences against King George the Third.
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30,000 Hessian soldiers were sold into service. Some units were respected for their discipline and excellent military skills. The Hessians fought in almost every battle.
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The Americans got pushed back and were not preparred. General Howe tried distracting the Americans and it worked. It was estimated that there were 10,000 Americans, 1,407 of them were wounded, captured, or missing. 312 were killed.
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Wahington had 19,000 troops in New York. Admiral Richard Howe arrived with 150 more ships and reinforcements. General Howe entered the city virtually unopposed and paused the campaign.
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Washingtons army crossed the Delaware and surprised the British. 2,400 troops under Washinton, attacked on the Hessian Garrison. Washington achieved surprise and defeated the British forces.
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Washington evacuated his position in trenton and went to attack in Princeton. He brought in reinforcements. The reinforcements helped the attack on Mawhoods troops leading them back. Some British were forced to surrender and some retreated. The British evacuated New Jersey.
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He volunteers to serve without pay. Congress sets him as a Major General in the continental army. He became one of Washingtons most trusted aides.
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September 19-October 17, 1777 --The British lost 2 men for every 1 American casualty. British losses were 4 to 1. Burgoyne officially surrendered on October 17. It proved the rebels could defeat great forces on their own.
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General Howe and his troops accupy Philadelphia and the congress relocates to York, Pennsylvania
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Howes forces were divided so Washington thought it was the perfect oppurtunity to attack. 4 columns from different directions launched furious assaults but the greatly out numbered defenders beat them back.
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The soldiers were barefoot and half naked. Some froze to death. There was a shortage of food, clothing, and equipment. About 2 men died in 1 day.
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Required that neither France nor the United States agree to a seprate peace with Great Britain. American independence be a condition of any future peace agreement.
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To avoid the French fleet the British - Hessian force were forced to go back to New York. Loyalists sailed the Delaware River to avoid the patriots.
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The Hessians launch a surprise attack on American forces. Howes ordered the city to be evacuated ans the army to withdraw combat. Patriots lost 83 and 483 were captures while the British lost 3 men and 10 were wounded.
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February 23-24,1779 -- Clark had his men 200 yards in front of the forts gate. Men fired at the fort all night. British fired their cannons. Clark silenced the cannon by killing and wounding the gunners. Clark made Hamilton surrender.
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The French negitiated a treaty with Spain. Spains entry ensured the British had to spread their resourses even thinner. The Spanish took West Florida by force and attained East Florida by cession. They also secured the Gulf of Mexico.
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A small naval battle in the North sea off the coast of Yorkshire between and American continental army led by John Paul Jones and 2 British escort vessels.
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The British took over all of Georgia so Clinton sent General Cornwallis and 8,500 men to Charleston. When they got there they had 10,000 men.The continental army had 5,000 men so when they attacked they had no chance. Cornwallis surrendered, and was left in charge after Clinton returned to New York.
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6,000 French soldiers under Count de Rochambeau arrive at Newport, Rhode Island. THey remain there for nearly a year, blockaded by the British fleet.
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September 21- 25, 1780 --- His plan was to hand over West Point to the British in return for the promise of a large sum of money and high position in the British army.
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This Battle was between Patriots and Loyalists militia. THe Patriots won but they had to leave their position before Cornwallis' forces advanced. Surprised after all of Cornwallis' defeats. Ferguson was dead and his militia was destroyed. Cornwallis was forced to abandon his plans and retreated to South Carolina.
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Following victory at Trenton, Cornwallis granted Charles Mawhood controll. General Washington attacked while Cornwallis was away and escaped before he returned.
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French Fleet under Admiral de Grasse defeated the British. The British sailed back to New York and French blockaded the Chesapeake Bay.
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The American army was engaging in tactics of deception to lead the British to believe a seige of New York was planned. The Spanish defeated a British fleet and blockaded any escape by sea for Cornwallis. Over 7,000 British soldiers were captured.
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July 1782-November 1783 --It was basically the end of the war. The British returned to Britain and empty the streets for Americans to control government freely.
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THe Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the 13 colonies ended. The United States and Great Britain signed the Treaty of Paris.
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Known as Constitution day. The Constitutional Congress signed the document. Ratified u.S. citizens and government.
