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Beginning of the Age of Enlightenment
During this time, people started to realize that human reason and intelligence was important. Many people called "The Thinkers" came up with their own ideas about how the world should be run and gave their views on mankind. People also dressed differently and started to drift away from religion. -
"The Thinkers"
These people were the main influences on both England and even America. Two of these were John Locke, Thomas Hobbes. John Locke believed that people were born naturally good and that the government is inclined to serve the people. Thomas Hobbes, on the other hand, believed that people were born naturally selfish and bad, also that there should be a strong monarch-like government to control the people and keep them in line -
Fashion during the Age of Enlightenment
During this time, people dressed much differently, they would dress with many layers to create effects such as looking skinny, also to look fancy to show that they were rich. Also a symbol of aristocracy was showing that you ate well, I don't think I have to tell what that was. -
Beginning of English civil war
The war between Catholics and Puritans of England. The Puritans (mostly members of parliament) wanted the Catholics (mostly supporters of the king and Charles I himself) to leave or become puritan. This resulted in the English Civil war. -
The English civil wars (and ending)
Two seperate wars occured during this time, the first one was won by Oliver Cromwell, the second won by Parliament. After parliament won the second battle Charles I was beheaded and buried. Oliver Cromwell took over as a "military dictator". -
Aftermath of English Civil war
After Oliver Cromwell took over, he decided religion was most important (The Commonwealth). To apply this to England, he took away all leisures done by the people. The thing that people disliked the most that he took away was holidays, and this made his people despise him. After he died of natural causes and Charles II became king, his body was dug up and hung. -
Beginning of French Revolution/Storming of Bastille
The storming of Bastille's (and unused prison) main purpose was to get gunpowder for the 3rd estate that had guns. Despite the fact that Bastille was mostly unused, there were 7 prisoners held there that were freed during the attack. 18 people died, 7 of those were guards, 73 more were wounded. The attack in the end though was successful and is marked as the start of the French Revolution. -
Beheading of King Louie XVI
King Louie XVI was beheaded because of his tendency to be unfair to the 3rd estate. He tricked them into thinking he would write, and keep, to a new constitution, but he only did the first thing. After a while, he eventually did write a constitution, but later he was arrested and tried by the Sans-Culottes and then beheaded. -
Reign of Terror
The reign of terror is the time period where everything was chaos and there were many beheadings. The beheadings, ironically, were done by the Committee of Public Safety, lead by Maxmillian Robespierre. The marked end, or when chaos started going down, is July 27, 1794, when Robespierre was beheaded. Kind of ironic. -
Law of suspects
The law of suspects said that anyone could be arrested and killed for any reason, even if they were innocent. Things considered illegal and bad enough to be arrested were talking against the government, or having the wrong friends. Though it was inhumane, the committee of public safety called it "justice" and thought it was perfectly reasonable. -
Crowning of Napoleon
Napoleon had earned himself honor and power by being a hero of war. He successfully conquered parts of Egypt and Italy and this got him more power to the point he called himself The First Consul after Caesar. Then, he overthrew the government and got crowned (or crowned himself according to a rumor) Emperor of France. -
End of the Age of Enlightnement
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Abolition of slave trade act/Abolition of slavery act
The abolition of slave trade act was passed when William Wilberforce fought hard to get rid of slavery in England. Even though people couldn't trade slaves anymore, they could still own them. After a while, Wilberforce eventually managed to get the Abolition of slavery act passed in August 28 1833, he then died three days later. However, it still took a few years to completely get rid of all slavery in England, but it still happened. -
Napoleon's First exile
The Battle of Leipzig was what led to Napoleon's first exile. He had to abdicate the throne twice because the first time he did, he did it in favor of his son, but the people didn't want his son in power. the second time he did it, King Louie XVIII is put on the throne until he dies (1814-1824). Napoleon is exiled to the island of Elba where he lives comfortably with a steady income however, he cannot leave. -
"The Hundred Days"
In this period of time (called the hundred days because the time after his escape and right after his capture was about a hundred days), Napoleon tried to attack Russia because they hadn't kept to the continental system. they used a strategy called scorched earth and this led to Napoleon's retreat. Napoleon then was arrested and exiled again on June 22 1815, but this time to St. Helena. He then finished out his last days there and died on May 5 1821 -
The Eiffel tower
The Eiffel tower was built to be an entrance to the world fair in 1889 for the 100 year anniversary of the French Revolution and was meant to be temporary, but it still has managed to be here today. some saw it as a cool structure and wanted it to stay, but some saw it as an eye soar and tried to fight to tear it down. The reason it stayed up is because some people made it useful by putting an antenna on it. -
Bloody Sunday
Bloody Sunday is the day that peaceful protesters were shot down by imperial guards. Unarmed protesters went to see the Czar to present a petition fighting for better working conditions, but the Czar had them shot. This weakened his popularity by a lot and marked the beginning of the 1905 Revolution. -
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand (The Spark)
This event is often considered to be what started WW1. Archduke Ferdinand was driving down the street when someone threw a grenade at him, but missed and instead, injured a few guards. Instead of getting to a safe place to avoid getting killed, The Archduke decided to go check on the soldiers in the hospital, but he happened to park right in front of Gavrilo Princip, who shot his wife, then the Archduke himself. His wife died immediately, but he died soon after that. -
The Armenian Genocide
The Armenian genocide was when the Turks decided to start killing Armenians because they believed they were traitors. But what they did to these people was horrible and no one deserves to undergo what these people did. They were taken on death walks in the desert with no food or water and they walked until they died, they also crucified them, burned them alive, drowned them, and threw them off cliffs. Turkey still denies this happened and it is illegal to talk about it. -
Death of Edith Cavell
Edith Cavell was a British nurse that saved hundreds of people without discrimination of who it was. But, she was accused of treason in Germany and sentenced to death. Even though many countries pleaded for her to be released, she was still executed by Firing squad. She is on the Calendar of Saints in The Church of England. She has been known for saying that she must have no hatred of bitterness for anyone and that she cant stop because there are lives to save. -
The Gallipoli Campaign
The Gallipoli Campaign was a British and French operation to capture Constantinople (Istanbul), the capital of the Ottoman Empire and secure a route from Russia. However, the French and British lost with many casualties on both sides, but its considered one if the greatest victories for the Turks. -
Murder of Rasputin
Rasputin is a strange Character that was loved by the Czar's wife. He had stopped the internal bleeding in The Czar's son twice, who had hemophilia and this made him very prominent in the Romanovs family. But, many hated him for being manipulative. "The Conspirators" (Felix Yusupov, Dimitri Pavlovich, and V.M. Purishkevich) invited him to a dinner party and tried to feed him cyanide laced sweets. he ate them, but didn't die, they shot him several times and tied him up and threw him in a river. -
The Russian Revolution (March)
Many things led to this Revolution, but the main thing that started it was the opposition of the communists. They opted to get rid of the monarchy and wanted to take over Russia. It Started when citizens protested in the streets and the police refused to shoot them despite orders form the Czar. He then ordered the disband of them, which was also defied, then everyone refused to listen to the Czar and he was abdicated from the throne. -
The U.S. entering WW1
America wanted to remain neutral and didn't want to get involved in the war, but, Germany sank The Lusitania with a U-Boat and sent the Zimmerman telegram, a telegram that said if Mexico joined them, they would help them get back Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. So America joined the Allies and sent over two million fresh troops to help the allies win. -
The Russian Revolution (October)
Though the Bolsheviks had taken the Czar out of power, Aleksander Kerensky took his place and the Bolsheviks were still trying to get that power back. So, they started attacking the provisional government and quickly took over. Vladimir Lenin started to apply his communist ideals to the country and gave land to peasants, gave ownership of factories to the workers, and made private land ownership illegal. -
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil war was the war between the communists, or "The Reds", and those that opposed him, including many countries that were scared of the spread of communism, or "The Whites". The Whites were supported by Britain, USA, France, and Japan and even though there were many supporters, The Reds still won because they held larger cities with better stuff. Lenin was also fighting a battle with Poland at the time, so his tough leadership proved to be effective. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
This was the treaty signed by Vladimir Lenin to get out of WW1 because he believed that it would help him continue building up the communist government. But, it was humiliating to him and he lost land, iron and coal, and good farmland. He knew he had to do it though if he was going to get his opponents out of the country. It was probably good that he did get out of the war because he he was losing quite a few men to the Germans. -
Execution of The Romanovs
The Last Czar and his family were taken down to their cellar by the Bolsheviks and repeatedly shot until they all died. The Bolsheviks tried to cover it up, but word got out and everyone found out. Rumors started going around that the daughter Anastasia had survived. And Anna Anderson was the most memorable and she claimed to be her until her death. But later, they found all the bodies of the family and now we know that no one survived. -
End of WW1
After 4 years since the start of the war, Germany finally gave up and signed the armistice. Germany was losing too many troops and was sending anyone who was willing to fight, even if they weren't eligible. Though the deaths of the war stopped, the Spanish flu killed more than the war itself and was likely spread from all the traveling during the war. Overall, millions upon millions died and this was the most tragic war the world had ever seen. -
The Gulags
The Gulags were camps where opponents of Stalin were taken to either work, or be executed. Stalin was very paranoid even after he removed his opponents and killed many people even if they were innocent. Stalin came to power after Lenin died and took everyone out that didn't like him, he also made himself the god of everyone's lives and put himself above all
