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Prince Henry saw the wealth of the Muslim city of Cueta when he helped conquer it. Then, he started a navigation school. Many peaople attended the school and learned how to sail.
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When the emperor Hongwu died, there was a power struggle and his son Yonglo became emperor. Yonglo was curious about the world outside of China. He launched seven voyages, and his childhood friend, Zheng He went on the voyages and explored.
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Zheng He was a Muslim eunch that had been taken from his village to be a playmate for the emperor Yonglo. He and Yonglo became friends and Yonglo sent him out on voyages to explore what was beyond China. Some of his farthest expeditions were all the way to Arabia and eastern Africa.
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Before Johann Gutenberg, books had to be copied by hand and took many months and even years to finish them They also cost a lot and many people could. But when Gutenberg invened the Printing Press, books became more readily availible and more people could read.
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The Fall of Constantinople marked the end of the Byzantine Empire. The Turks were commanded by 21-year-old Sultan Mehmed II.
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The Hundred Years' War ended on October 19, 1453.Victory had passed between the French and English, but the French rallied and drove out the English, except from the city of Calais.
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In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias sailed so far down the continent of Africa that he reached the tip. He wanted to continue to India but his supplies were dwindling. He then just sailed back to where he came from.
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Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain finaced a war against the Muslims. They wanted to convert them to Christianity. After the war was over, Isabella convinced Ferdinand to finace Columbus's voyages. Columbus told them that he would go to Asia and convert people to Christianity.
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Christopher Coloumbus landed in the Bahamas, though he thought he landed in the East Indies. He called the natives Indians because he miscalculated where he was. He brought three ships with him. When he returned he claimed that he had found India. Nobody believed him, except himself. He died thinking that he had found India.
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Portugal complained about the line of Demarcation bcause they thought the line gave too much line to Spain. So Spain agreed to move the line west to include parts of modern day Brazil. This land was Portugal's.
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Vasco da Gama kept sailing east, unlike Dias. He went all the way around and across the Indian Ocean. When he reached India he was amazed by the spices, silk, and precious gems.
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When Amerigo returned to Europe after his voyages to the eastern coast of South America he claimed that the area was a new land. He recorded the little coast that he traveled on and took that info with him. In 1507 a German mapmaker named the continent America after him.
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The Mona Lisa was considered one of the best paintings created, but was actually never a finshed product. He worked on it until he died and added little touches as he went along. Leonardo was a true renaissance man and an inspiration for being a well-rounded person.
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David symbolizes strength and anger, to the people of Firenze. David was totally naked, which was a new thing for the time. Because of the nature of the hero that it represented, it soon came to symbolize the defence of civil liberties embodied in the Florentine Republic.
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He painted panels on the roof of Biblical and Greek ideals. One of which was the Biblical Prophet Joel with two youths behind him instead of angels. The central ceiling has nine scenes from the book of Genesis.
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The School of Athens, is one of the most famous frescoes by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael. The Stanza della Segnatura was the first of the rooms to be decorated, and The School of Athens the second painting to be finished there, after La Disputa, on the opposite wall. This painting includes many famous people and he also included himself in the corner.
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Niccolo Machiavelli wrote the Prince in 1513. It is a guidebook for how a ruler can gain power and and keep it, even if he has enemies.
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Martin Luther, then a Catholic monk, posts his 95 thesis, or his 95 issues with the Catholic Church, on the door of the Wittenburg church. However, people had trouble understanding wht was being said, as they couldn't read and the church officails lied about what was being said. The letter started the protestant Reformation.
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Hernando Cortez landed in Mexico and then took the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan. He then took their gold and made them work for him. He was majorly out numbered, but he had superior weapons, unlike those of the natives.
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He observed planets and starts for 25 years, but he published his work on his deathbed. He published the Heliocentric Theory, which states that that the sun is the center of the universe and everything else revolves around it.
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Frnasico meet the Inca emperor with an army of 200, against 30,000. This didn't do the Inca any good, because they all showed up unarmed. They then captured Atahualpa and killed him. They conquered the empire.
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He was the first Czar and he came to power when he was only three years old. The boyars fought to control him, but when he was 16, he finally got power. He had a short good period and a long bad one. He was crazy and killed his son.
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Cartier landed at a gulf off the eastern coast of Canada and named the river the St. Lawerence. He also found island and named it Mont Royal. It is now modern day Montreal.
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Anne Boleyn was the mistress of King Henry the 8. After some time, divorced his wife, Catherine of Aragon, for her. Since she did not bear him any sons, he had her beheaded for adultry. These charges were false. She had a daughter named Elizabeth.
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He was Henry the VIII's only sone. His mother was Jane Seymour. She died from complications after birth. Edward only ruled for 6 years, and he had a regent over hime for those years. He then died.
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The Jesuits, founded by Ignatius of Loyola, were focused mainly on creating schools for classical studies and theology. Their other mission was to convert non-Christians to Catholicism, and to stop Protestantism from spreading.
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Mary I started ruling after her brother Edward died. She was intent on making England a Catholic nation and pulling out of the Anglican religion. She did this by being very violent and earning her nickname, "Bloody Mary".
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Charles V divided his immense empire and retired to a monastery. He left Austria and the Holy Roman Empire to his brother Ferdinand and his son Philipinherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies.
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Elzabeth I became queen after hersister Mary I died. She often used her unmarried status to secure peace treaties and trade agreements for her country. She would trick other nations by saying that she would marry the kings. She would ask for many things and after those things affived, she would call off the marrige.
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IN 1730, Frederick and a friend tried to sneak away. Frederick loved music, philosophy and poetry and was not very military. They were caught, and the king ordered Frederick to witness the friends beheading. After that, he became military.
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After many years of fighting, they finally became the United Provinces of the Netherlands. William of Orange led them to victory. They won by opening the floodgates and flooding the land, which drove the Spanish out.
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European merchants wanted to bypass the Italians merchants and trade with Asia. They wanted to get the spices and silk for cheaper. The goods would also be fresher. The English East India Company was founded in 1600.
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The Dutch East India Company was richer and more powerful than the Enlish East India Company. Because of this, the were completely driven out of the buisness. The Dutch then esablished their donimance over the trade.
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The publication of this book is often called the birth of the modern European novel. It is about a poor Spanish nobleman why went a little crazy after reading too many books about knights. He then rode forth in a rusty suit of armor, mounted on a feeble nag.
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Henry was searching for the Northwest Passage or a water route to Asia. Instead, he found the Hudson Bay, and named it after himself. THis was his second journey and he was never to be seen again.
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William Shakespeare wrote many famous plays that are still popular today. His plays show a deep understanding of human beings and a mastery of the English language.
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After the Peace of Augsburg, the Catholic and Lutheran princes of Germany watched each other suspiciously. They also felt threatened by Calvinism. Because of this, tensions built up and a spark set off the long war.
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The colony of New Netherland was established by the Dutch West India Company in 1624 and grew to encompass all of present-day New York City and parts of Long Island, Connecticut, and New Jersey. The victcry was stupid, though, because they didn't even do any fighting. The Dutch just gave up the colony. The people of Europe didn't know that though and they rewarded the Duke for his accomplishment.
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Charles always needed money. When parliament didn'[t give it to him, he dissoved them. In 1628, he had to call them again. They refused to give him any money until he signed the document. After signing it, he ignored it.
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Galileo tested many theories of Aristotle and he bulit a telescope in 1609. He pulished what he found in this book, however the church got very, VERY angry with him. He finally did after being tortured.
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Charles offened the Puritans and tried to get both of his kingdoms in the same religion. So Scotland wanted to attack England. Charles wanted more omney and Parliament didn't like that so they mobbed him. The people who like Charles fought against the people who didn't like him and the Civil War began.
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Louie became the strongest king of his time. At first, the true ruler was Cardinal Mazarin. When he died Louis took control of the government. He devoted himself to helping France attain economic, political, and cultural brilliance. He also loved himself
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The social contract is Hobbes's second idea. It states that you give your freedoms to the government and in return, they provide law and order. Hobbes was a political thinker and came up with other ideas.
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Parliament passed a guarentee of freedom. THis law gave every prisoner the right to get a document ordering that they be brought in front of a judge. Because of thes, a monarch couldn't put someone in jail just because they wanted to.
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On April 9th, 1682, La Salle claimed all the land by the Mississippi River for France. He also claimed the Louisiana area.
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On April 9th, 1682, La Salle claimed all the land by the Mississippi River for France. He also claimed the Louisiana area.
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Everything about the Palace was immense. There was a statue of Louis XIV in the huge royal courtyard. The palace was so long that food from the kitchens was often cold by the time servants reached Louis's chambers.
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He published his laws of motion based off on gravity, where his described the universe as a giant clock. To avoid being yelled at by the church, he called God the "clock master".
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This was Locke's second idea. He says that a government has to protect the rights that Hobbes meantioned and if they fail to do so, the people have the right to change the government.
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One year after Peter took the throne, he went on this journey. It was a long visit to western Europe.He went undercover and worked to achieve Westerization
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England, Austria, the Dutch republic, Portugal, and several German and Italian States joined together against France and Spain. The war dragged on until 1713. The Treaty of Utrecht was signed that year. Under its terms, Louis's grandson was allowed to remain king of Spain so long as the thrones of France and Spain were not united.
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He wanted this to promote education and growth. So, he fought Sweden to gain a piece of the Baltic coast. After fighting for 21 years, he finally got what he wanted.
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This was also known as the Stono Rebellion. 25-50 slaves were killed thier horrible owners. In addition of this, they also stalled their work by breaking tools, uprooting plants, and generally working very slow.
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He regularly wrote to Voltair about change and he granted religious freedom and improved education. He abolished the use of torture and reformed the justice system. However, he did NOT get rid of serfdom. He was an enlightened despot.
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He believed in splitting responsibilities for differant branges of the government. This is how we do things today. He called this idea Separation of Powers.
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Denis collects essays from thinkers and put it in a book. He called this book the Encyclopedia. With the updates communication, the ideas spread far and wide. His ideas angered the French government and the Catholic church. He persisted and new volumes came out regularly under his editorship until 1772
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The war took place between 1756 and 1763. Many great powers all over the world fought in this war. It was a world war of sorts.
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She argued for female rights. She wanted education for females, even if to make the housewife more equipped to handle a son. She was one of the main female philisophes.
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After Catherine succesfully gained ports of the Black Sea, attention turned to Poland. The problem was that Prussia and Austria were doing the same thing. From 1772 to 1795, these countries took little parts of Poland until it's all gone.
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She overthrew her husband to become queen. She proposed changes to improve serfdom, but she was rejected. With great brutality, her army crashed the rebellion. Because of this, she gave nobles absolute power over the serfs. The serfs lost their freedom.
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Adams organized a raid on the Boston Harbor to dump 342 chests of tea into the water. There was a large import tax on that tea. British troops occupied the city after that.
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The fighting spread to Concord. When news reached the Second Continental Congress, the members voted to raise an army under the command of George Washington. The American Revolution had begun.
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Issued by the Second Continental Congress and writen by Thomas Jefferson, this document was firmly based on the ideas of John Locke and the Enlightenment. It reflected the idea of natural right. It also said that the colonists were done with George III's abused and it broke down the ties between the colonies and Britain.
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He granted freedom of worship and set up a legal reform system. He did abolish serfdom and ordered nobels to pay their workers. All of this was unfortunatly reversed after his death.
