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The Gunpowder Plot
Many people did not like King James I because they believed he treated Catholics unfairly, so a group of people created The Gunpowder Plot to get rid of him and Parliament. The Gunpowder Plot was a plan to blow up the House of Parliament with King James I and Parliament inside using barrels of gunpowder. However, before the plan was carried out, the King heard of their plan and had the plotters arrested and hanged for treason. -
Charles Ⅰ Public Execution
Charles Ⅰ was publicly executed tor treason against Parliament. His death has been called revolutionary. This is because his execution was the first time a reigning monarch had been executed publicly. -
Thomas Hobbes Death
Thomas Hobbes was a major voice in the Enlightenment. He had many beliefs on the government and humanity. He believed that a powerful government was one of absolute monarchy. He also believed that people were born selfish and greedy. -
Palace of Versailles
King Louis XIV commissioned the Palace of Versailles. It became the official residence of the court and government of France. The Palace of Versailles was costly and caused much debt for France. -
The Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution was when William of Orange and Mary took the throne from King James II. This began when Parliament was worried the throne would go to King James II's Catholic son. Parliament went to King James II's Protestant daughter, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange, to take over instead. When King James II heard of this, he fled to France. This peaceful dethronement was then marked as the Glorious Revolution. -
The Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights was a passage that Parliament passed. This passage showed that Parliament was now in control of England. The Bill of Rights marked the end of absolute rule in England. -
Voltaire Death
Voltaire was a philosopher in the Enlightenment. He had many beliefs on society and the government. He believed that the state and the church should be separate. He also believed in the idea of free speech and religion. “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.” -
John Locke Death
John Locke was an English philosopher in the Enlightenment. He had many beliefs on the government and humanity. He believed that the government has a responsibility to protect their people's natural rights. He also believed that people were born naturally good. -
Storming The Bastille
The Bastille was a prison. However, it was not being used as a prison anymore, except for 7 prisoners. It was used to store gunpowder. French citizens stormed the Bastille and took over it for the gunpowder for their guns to defend themselves. -
King Louis XVI Execution
King Louis XVI was executed during the French Revolution. He was often seen as a wasteful spender and grew unpopular with the people. Due to conflicts with his people, he was eventually convicted of treason and was sent to the guillotine. -
Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat
Jean-Paul Marat was leading Jacobin figure and a journalist. He was partly responsible for the Jacobins to have a more radical idea of what the Revolution should be. The Girondists were having doubts about this idea of the Revolution. Eventually, a Girondist sympathizer assassinated Jean-Paul Marat. Her name was Charlotte Corday, and after the Jacobins arrested and executed many Girondists, she assassinated him while he was taking a medicinal bath. -
Queen Marie-Antoinette Death
Marie-Antoinette was the queen of France during the French Revolution. She was often seen as uncaring towards her people and wasteful with money. She was also accused of scandals that were most likely not true. Queen Marie-Antoinette was executed during the French Revolution. -
Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney created the cotton gin. The cotton gin could separate the seeds from cotton faster and more efficiently than a person could. Because of this, it made slavery more popular. The cotton gin also caused the construction of factories in the Northern U.S. and was used in Lowell's textile factories for clothing. -
Maximillian Robespierre Execution
Maximillian Robespierre was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety. He was eventually blamed for the French Revolution and was seen as the face of it. He was arrested and tried for treason. He was found guilty and was executed. This event was seen as the signal to the end of the French Revolution. -
Olaudah Equiano Death
At the age of 11, another tribe kidnapped Olaudah Equiano and his sister and they sold him and his sister to white slave traders. They were then brought to the Americas, and then he was brought to England. He eventually was able to gain his freedom and became an abolitionist. He then when on to write an autobiography and became the first African to get his work published in England. -
Napoleon Becoming First Consul
Napoleon launched a successful coup with the government in disarray. He made himself First Consul and put an end to the elected Assembly, appointed a Senate in its place. He next made himself Consul for Life. Two years later, he made himself emperor. -
John Newton Death
John Newton was born as the son of a captain of a merchant ship. When his father retired, he then went on to work on a Mediterranean merchant ship. However, he was captured and he was forced to join the Royal Navy. He eventually was transferred to a slave ship and became captain. However, on one night, his ship went through a storm and started to sink. He then prayed to God to save him and his crew. When he was saved, he became a preacher and wrote “Amazing Grace.” -
Napoleon's "Hundred Days"
After being exiled to Elba, Napoleon escaped and landed in France. Royalist forces who were ordered to stop him joined his army instead. To stop him, the armies of the Seventh Coalition went fought against him in the Battle of Waterloo, where Napoleon was defeated and exiled to St. Helena. The Battle of Waterloo marked the end of Napoleon's "Hundred Days." -
James Watt Death
James Watt was an inventor. He created a more improved steam engine. This meant it was faster and was more fuel-efficient. It also could be used for other inventions. For example, it could be used for steamboats. -
Napoleon Bonaparte Death
Napoleon rose to prominence during the French Revolution. He conquered many lands for France and eventually became Emperor of France. After he made many mistakes and defeats, he was exiled from France twice and lived his final days in St. Helena. -
Reform Bill of 1832
The Reform Bill of 1832 gave certain rights to the British people. This bill relaxed property requirements so that middle class men could vote. This caused the number of people who could vote to increase. However, many could still not vote. -
Samuel Slater
Samuel Slater was known as “Slater the Traitor” in the UK. This is because America had an interest in the textile machines he was working with; however, exporting designs was illegal in England. Therefore, he memorized as much as he could about machine designs in England and then departed to America. In the US, designed the first textile mills and then started a business himself. He then on became known as “The Father of the American Revolution” and “The Father of the Factory System.” -
Lin Tse-Hsu Death
Lin Tse-Hsu was an official in China. During this time, opium was extremely popular in China, causing the people to be drug addicts. The emperors sent him to Canton to do whatever was necessary to stop the opium traffic in China. -
Crystal Palace Exhibition Opening Day
The Crystal Palace Exhibition was an exhibition of the new utopia. Its goal was to show all the new inventions and innovations of the British Empire. It was open from May 1851 to October 1851. Through that time, it had about 6 million visitors. -
Matthew Perry
Matthew Perry was a U.S. commodore. The U.S. sent him to create a trade treaty between the United States and Japan, where tried to use gunboat diplomacy to convince Japan into agreeing. This treaty was called the Treaty of Kanagawa. -
Sakamoto Ryoma Death
Sakamoto Ryoma was a samurai in Japan. During the Meiji Revolt, a powerful group fo samurai overthrew the shogun. Sakamoto was seen as a the hero because of his involvement. He helped Japan go from feudalism to a unified and modern state. -
Samuel F.B. Morse Death
Samuel Morse was an inventor. In 1840, he created the telegraph. He also created morse code. These were both used for communication. Telegraphs would allow people to receive messages, and morse code would be used to decipher it through dots and dashes. -
Dr. David Livingstone Death
Dr. David Livingstone was an explorer. He was the first white man to do humanitarian and religious work in south and central Africa. He also discovered Victoria Falls. -
The First Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell invented the first telephone. The telephone used electricity send sounds over distances. The first telephone call was then made in March 10, 1876 when Bell summoned his assistant in the other room. -
Louis Pasteur Death
Louis Pasteur was a chemist who found that germs were connected to disease. He proved this through showing that sugar beet soured through germs in the air. He is responsible for the creation of vaccines for chicken cholera, anthrax, and rabies. -
Queen Victoria Death
Queen Victoria was queen of Great Britain during The Victoria Era. She ruled for 63 years, which was the longest of any British monarch except for Queen Elizabeth II. She started the tradition of wearing white at weddings and her mourning practices became the proper etiquette in the world. -
Sir Henry Stanley Death
He was a Welsh journalist and explorer. He was famous for finding D. Livingstone when Dr. Livingstone went out of contact with the west for 6 years. He created newspaper reports European interest in Africa. -
The Model 'T' Ford
Henry Ford built the Model 'T' Ford. Its main purpose was a to be a car most people could afford. Its price never increased and its production was one car per minute. -
Leopold II Death
Leopold II was the King of Belgium. He did this through claiming Belgium for himself. Through doing this, he was able to make a fortune through using the Belgian Congo's resources. He caused many of his subjects to die from overwork and disease because they were forced to extract rubber from rubber trees. The Belgian government later took control of the Congo because of international outcry from what he was doing. -
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Archduke Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. He was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip. His assassination is seen as what started many events that caused World War 1. Many alliances and wars broke out because of this event. -
The Start Of The Armenian Genocide
The Armenian Genocide was an event where many Armenian people were arrested and executed. It started when the Turkish government executed several hundred Armenian intellectuals. Eventually, ordinary Armenian people were affected as well. For example, many forced to go on death marches in the Mesopotamian desert without water or food. By the end of the genocide, 388,000 Armenians remained in the Ottoman Empire from the 2 million Armenians at the start of the genocide. -
Edith Cavell Death
Edith Cavell was a British nurse during World War 1. She is known for helping soldiers on both sides of the war and helped Allied soldiers escape from Germans in Belgium. She was eventually arrested and sentenced to death. She was then executed by a German firing squad. -
The March Revolution
The March Revolution was where the people of Germany protested in Petrograd. However, the police and soldiers refused to shoot the rioters. Nicholas II then ordered the legislature to disband, but they did not follow his order. The military, government, and citizens would not obey the Czar. He was then forced to abdicate. -
The October Revolution
The October Revolution was where armed Bolshevik factory workers attacked the provisional government in Germany. This lead to Alexander Kerensky’s government to collapse. Vladimir Lenin then made a radical Communist program. He also made private ownership of land illegal and gave it to peasants. He gave factories to peasants and gave them control of those factories as well. -
The Red Baron Death
The Red Baron was a German pilot during World War 1. His real name was Manfred von Richthofen. He officially shot down 80 planes and was known for piloting a bright red plane. However, he was killed when he was shot in the chest while flying. -
Representation of the People Act
The Representation of the People's Act changed the laws of voting. It gave women over 30 the right to vote. It also allowed all men to have suffrage. The suffrage given to men was done through the abolishment of property qualifications. -
Nicholas II Death
Nicholas II was the last czar of Russia. He believed he was appointed by God to be Russia's absolute ruler. However, he abdicated the throne on March 7, 1917. Nicholas II and his family were then taken hostage by the Bolsheviks. They were next moved from town to town over a year. The family was then executed and buried. -
Vladimir Lenin Death
Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the Bolsheviks. Though he was forced to live outside of Russia, Germany helped him sneak back in. He then took over and collapsed Kerensky’s government during the October Revolution. He next made a radical Communist program, made private land ownership illegal and gave the land to peasants, and gave control of factories to workers. He also turned areas that used to belong to the Tsar into socialist republics. -
Emmeline Pankhurst Death
Emmeline Pankhurst was famous for her part in the women’s suffrage movement. She formed the Women’s Party with her daughter. She became militant and was arrested and imprisoned. -
Thomas Edison Death
Thomas Edison was an inventor who created over 1,000 inventions. In 1879, he used electricity and created the light bulb. He is also known for creating the phonograph and moving pictures. -
Joseph Stalin Death
Joseph Stalin was a dictator of Russia and the successor of Vladimir Lenin. In order to stay in power, he made many laws to control his people. He had much censorship, religious persecution, and totalitarian elements. He also had propaganda, such as only having the only allowing the worship of Stalin and having untrue myths about who he was. -
Anastasia Romanov Death
Anna Anderson was a person who claimed to be Anastasia Romanov, the daughter of Nicholas II. There were many that claimed to be Anastasia, the most credible seemed to be Anna Anderson. She had many similar physical characteristics as Anastasia and she continued to claim she was Anastasia until her death. However, it was later proven Anna Anderson was not Anastasia.