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Benito Mussolini
-In Italy,Benito Mussolini developed a new type of political party & seized power
-By 1921,Mussolini established the Fascist Party
-Fascism stressed Nationalism & placed the interest of the state above those individual -
Joseph Stalin
-In USSR,Joseph Stalin whose cast name means"Man of Steel",took control of the country
-Stalin focused on creating a model communist state.He moved both agricultural & industrial growth
-In 1939,Stalin had firmly established a totalitarian gov. that tried to exert complete control over citizens -
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Allied Powers
-Allied powers were a group of countries opposed to Axis power
-They joined Allies b/c the Axis powers were attacking the world
-The Allied countries where Japan,Germany,France & Poland. -
Adolph Hitler
-In Germany,Adolph Hitler had followed a path to power similar to Mussolini
-In 1919,he joined a struggling group called the Nazi Party
-Hitler quickly became the party's leader he established a dictatorship as Brutal or worst than Stalin's
-He was determined to achieve German domination of Europe -
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Advance Technology in WW2-Part C
-Torpedoes was use to destroy submarines & ships from long distance,b/c bullets couldn't go far & do a lot of damaged
-Bombing Raids,were used to destroy anything in a certain area,such as factories that produce military equipment in WW2
-Wolf Packs were German submarines that had mass-attack tactics against convoys.A group of ships,warships,submarines that a attack a certain target all at once -
Germany Expansion
-Germany started acquiring German speaking area lost after WW1 Sudetenland(a section of France),Czechoslovakia,Hungary & Poland
-Increasingly a global political division emerged between democratic societies(U.S. & Britain)& totalitarian states(Germany) actions-@1st nothing but when Germany did not stop an all out war occurred -
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Volunteerism in WW2(Red Cross)
-Began Blood Donor services in America to produce lifesaving plasma for the Armed Forces,served in hospitals,produce emergency supplies,collected scrap,ran victory gardens,& maintained training programs
-Become the Chief providers of relief supplies in Europe,served as field dinner,provided support for troops 10 perated clubs,& were attached to military hospital -
Rationing
-Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resource & goods
-Rationing items were gasoline,tires,meat,butter & jellies
-People had to use "Rationing Goods" which were issued to each family based on its size -
Axis Alliance
-Sep.27,1940 Germany,Italy & Japan signed the Tripartite Pact,which became known as the Axis Alliance
-They had two common interests:1)Territorial expansion & foundation of empires based on military conquest & the overthrown of the post-WW1 international order,2)The destruction of neutralization of Soviet communism -
Lend Lease Program
-Purpose:Franklin Roosevelt introduced the Lend Lease Program to congress.It was intended to help Britain beat Hitler's advance while keeping America only indirect involved in WW2
-Result:Lend-Lease Program for military did to any country whose defense was vital to the security of the US
-Effect:Lend Lease Program was the Principal way to get out of the Great Depression -
Rosie The Riveter
-1945 nearly one out of every four married women worked outside the home,'Rosie the Riveter',star of a government campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for munitions industry,become perhaps the most iconic image of working women during the war -
War Bonds
-Way to remove money from circulation as well as reduce inflation
-People would buy bonds & the gov. promised to return to them w/interest after 10/yr or more
-Gov. needs the money to pay for war equipment -
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Code Talkers
-Nawajo code talkers played a key role in the Pacific campaign
-The American military needed an undecipherable code that would not be known by the Japanese
The Nawajo language is unwritten & extremely complex,American forces could transmit messages by telephone & radio in a code that Japanese were unable to break -
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WACS
-Women joined the new Women's Army Corps(WACS) after basic training most of these women took clerical jobs the military
-Women replaced jobs formerly held by men,such as shipbuilding & aircraft production
-The idea was to have women fill jobs held by men to send more men to war
-Between 1941-1945 more than 6.5 million women entered the workforce -
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Multiple Fronts Fought by The US
-The US had fought a few fronts during WW2 like the Atlantic Front,Pacific Front,the European front,& the home front
-These front's had pushed the war in a good way for the allies b/c the US was equipped to produce mass war supply for soldiers & the allied power armies,& the US attacking on these fronts helped the allies powers gain a new ally during the war,due to US declaring war on Japan after Pearl Harbor,& Germany declaring war on the US -
Pearl harbor
-Japanese planes attacked the U.S. Naval base at Pearl Harbor,Hawaii territory
-The bombing killed more than 2,300 Americans,destroying the American battleship U.S.S
-"Yesterday,December 7,1941-date which will live in infamy the United States of America was suddenly & deliberatoly attacked by naval & air forces of the empire of Japan -
Executive Order 9066
-US presidential executive order signed & issued during WW2,by FDR,authorizing the secretary of war to prescribe certain areas as military zones,clearing the way for the deportation of Japanese
-The attack on Pearl Harbor in Dec.7,1941 led growing suspicions largely by racism & fear about the loyalty of Japanese Army
-Japanese ancestry was classified as "Enemy Aliens"
-Curfews were instituted & assets were Frozen
-120k Japanese Army informed that the gov. would forcibly remove them from home -
Bataan Death March
-The Bataan Death March happened after the U.S. surrender of the Bataan Peninsula it affected the war tide in favor of the axis power.Allied prisoners were forced to march 65 miles to prison camps,where thousands died from diseases,mistreatment & starvation -
Battle of Midway
-The Battle of Midway pushed the war tide in favor of the allied powers since it was one of the most decisive U.S. Victories against Japan
-The U.S. inflicted permanent damage on the Japanese Navy,*This was the turning point of U.S. against Japan -
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U.S. Offices of War Information
-Control the content & imagery of war messages & make citizens aware of how they could help in the war-effort
-Produce radio programs,news reels,asked citizens to contribute time & money,create products,conserve resources,donate,& stir up distrust to lower enemy & population morals to promote surrender -
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Island Hopping
-Island hopping was effecting the tide in favor of the allied powers b/c they kept pushing Japanese forces out of the island, through the offensive against the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Archipelago which had marked the beginning of "Island Hopping"fought between Aug. 1942 & Feb.1943,eventually succeed in forcing Japan to relinquish the island -
Victory Gardens
-As part of the war effort,the government rationed foods like sugar,butter,milk,cheese,eggs,coffee,meat & canned goods
-The government turned to its citizen & encourage them to plant"Victory Gardens"
-Garden help make sure enough food & supplies were available for home & the troops during WW2 -
WAVE
-Women accepted for volunteer emergency service(WAVES) was created in 1942 in response to the need for additional military personnel during WW2
-Waves were an official part of the Navy,it's members held the same rank & ratings as male personnel
-Waves could not serve aboard combat ships or aircraft,& initially were restricted to amity in the Continental U.S. at the end of WW2,there were 8,000 female officers -
Higgins Boat/Nuclear Weapons
-Higgins boat was a landing craft used extensively in amphibious landing in WW2. The craft was designed by Andrew Higgins based on boats made for operating in swamps & marshes
-In July 16,1945 president Harry Truman decided to use the atomic bomb against Japan.After bombs were dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki in Aug. 1945,Japan surrendered WW2,in which over 70 million people died when it was over. -
Radar & M-1 Semi Automatic Rifle
-Used to create an electronic map of all objects in all direction & great distance away as possible
-Also to locate the precise position of previously detected target
-This was a great advantage for pilots cause it gave them the opportunity to attack a target at night
-Was a light & easy to use
-Caliber,gave soldiers more mobility & stronger fire power
-Used for everyday killing -
Isoroku Yamamotto
-Japanese Marshall Admiral & Commander in Chief of the Combined fleet
-Played a vital role (executed the surprise attack)in Pearl Harbor which made Japan victorious -
Bernard Montgomery
-Senior British Army Officer in the African & European war(theater)
-Commanded the British 8th Army & 2nd led Army during the Euro Campaign
-Was over all British Troops on June 6,1944"D-Day" -
Erwin Rommel
-Field Marshall Erwin Rommel was one of German's most popular Generals during WW2
-On "D-Day" he discussed with other officers about surrendering
-Due to his ties to the plot to over throw Hitler,he was murdered -
Douglas MacAuthor
-American 5 star General & field Marshall of the Philippine Army
-Mac Author was chief of staff during WW2
-Led the US Army in "Island Hopping" in the South West Pacific Campaign -
Chester W. Nimit 2
-Was leading the US Army authority on submarines
-He was the US last surviving officer who ranked as a fleet Admiral
-Admiral Chester was appointed Commander in Chief of the US Pacific fleet just after Pearl Harbor
-He commanded US fleet at the battle of midway
-This Battle hated the Japanese advance in the Pacific -
Omar Bradley
-Was a senior officer of the U.S. Army
-He was in services in North America & Western Europe during WW2
-He then became general of the 1st American Army to land in France -
D-Day
-Effected the war tide for the Allies positively b/c the battle foreshadowed the end of Hitler's dream of Nazi domination D-Day was the largest air,land,& sea operation undertaken
-The landing included over 5,000 ships,1,000 airplanes,& over 150,000 service men
-By the end the Allies had reached the Seine River,Paris was liberated & the Germans had been removed from Northwestern France,effectively concluding the Battle of Normad -
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Liberation of Concentration Camps
-Push toward the victory for the Allies b/c they were slowly starting to shut down Hitler's operation on the Nazi take over
-The Soviets were the 1st forces to reach a concentration camp,Majdonek near Lubin. Poland,Due to the rapid Soviet advance,The Germans had burned the camp but the gas chambers were left standing
-The Soviets also over ran the sites of the Belize,Sobebar,Treblinese & Auschwite,the largest concentration camp -
Koremastsu vs U.S.
-Fred Koremastsu,a Japanese US citizen refused to leave home in San Leandro,CA
-Court decided the nations security concern out-weighed the constitution promise of equal rights
-The Executive order 9066 banned Japanese alien & Non-alien from the US
-50 yrs later it was over turned by congress & an apology was given -
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Potsdam Conference
-Soviet leader,Joseph Stalin,British Prime Minister Winston Churchill,& U.S. president Harry Truman
-Met in Potsdam,Germany to negotiate terms for the end of WW2
-Agreements on German economy,punishment for war criminals,land boundaries,divided Germany into 4 sector
-Institution controlled by Nazi were decentralized,war criminals brought to trail,Polish-German border was accepted -
The US & European Countries
-In the US the war happened after the Great Depression
-30% unemployment was cut down to less than 5% after the employment boost due to the war.
-The European countries were left to rebuild.
-The US lend money to the countries,& Germany was the only country to fully pay it back in 1990 -
Women & Minority
-While the men went to fight in the war the women were left to work in the factories
-After the war men came back to reclaim their position at factories but the women didn't want to give them up
-Stirring up the feminist movement
-In the war men of color fought along side white men for the 1st time
-When they got back from war they were treated with the same racial slurs.
-Sparked The Civil Rights Movement -
Fair Deal
-The New Deal was published by presidents Harry S. Truman & democrats & was intended to pass policies related to Franklin Roosevelt's new deal
-It was intended to set prop sells of economic development & Social Warfare
-Fair Deal included measures made to help aid education tax cut for low-income people increase public housing & immigration deals & so on,but unfortunately most bills didn't pass -
President Truman's "Fair Deal"
-The deal was set to target solutions does National Health Insurance,public housing,civil rights legislation & federal & to education
-Advocated the increase in the minimum wage,Federal assistance to farmers & Extension of Social Security
-It affect the economy by almost doubling the minimum wage,it established the Housing Act & got an Extension of Social Security benefits -
George Patton
-Commanded the US seventh Army in the Mediterranean & European theaters of WW2 -
Dwight D. Eisenhower
-The most famous US Army general of WW2
-Takes command of US forces in Europe(supreme allied) then became president of US -
George C. Marshall
-Throughout the war,general George C. Marshall (1880-1959) acted as Chief of staff & the "organizer of victory".
-He worked closely with president Roosevelt to urge military preparedness before Pearl Harbor,built up & supplied an army of 8 million men, and later helped to oversea the creation of the first atomic bomb -
German WW2
-At the beginning of the 1930's ,Adolph Hitler is Nazi party exploited wide spread & deep-seated where discontent in Germany to extract popular & political support
-During the 1st three years of WW2 from when Sep.1939 through Nov.1942 a series of military victories permitted German domination of continent