-
-
The proclamation announced to the Confederacy and the world that the abolition of slavery had become an important goal of the North. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
-
Black History They passed a series of laws known as the black codes, which were designed to restrict freed blacks' activity.
-
It was established by Congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War. The Bureau also provided food, housing and medical aid, established schools and offered legal assistance.
-
During the Reconstruction period (1865-1877) it introduced a new set of significant challenges. Southern state legislatures passed the "black codes" to control the labor and behavior of former slaves and other African Americans.
-
Jane is finally free and sets off for Ohio.
-
Jane and Ned begin working for Bones.
-
Constitution declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."
-
Klan were opposed to Reconstruction, and members were pledged to support the supremacy of the white race, and to restore white control of the government.
-
Granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed.
-
It gave African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
-
Ned leaves home for Kansas.
-
Jane gets two letters from Ned.
-
The Ku Klux Klan would reverse the changes brought by Radical Reconstruction in a violent backlash that restored white supremacy in the South.
-
Court CaseHomer Plessy was arrested for sitting in the "White" car of the Louisiana Railroad. Plessy could easily pass for white beacuse of his light skin but in Louisiana's Law considered him "Colored" and made him sit in the "Colored" section. His court case made it all the way up to the United States Supreme Court. Plessy's lawyer argued that the Separate Car Act violated the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Admendments.
-
Southern state legislatures began enacting the first segregation laws, known as the "Jim Crow" laws.
-
Ned came back after the Spanish-American War.
-
Jane and her husband, Joe Pittman move to a new plantation where Joe could break horses.
-
Joe is killed trying to catch an unbroken horse.
-
A new permanent civil rights organization, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Their goals were the abolition of all forced segregation, the enforcement of the 14th and 15th Amendments, equal education for blacks.
-
-
He is my great-grandfather and served in World War II.
-
Hattie McDaniel becomes the first African-American actor to win an Academy Award.
-
Tuskegee were an elite group of African-American pilots
-
The first African American baseball player in the major leagues played his first major league game
-
Thurgood Marshall represented the case Brown v. Board of Education. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools violated the 14th Amendments.
-
Rosa Parks was riding a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama when the driver told her to give up her seat to a white man. Parks refused, and was arrested for violating the city's racial segregation law. After word got out about her arrest, blacks started boycotting the buses.
