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Gandhi
Political and ideological leader of India, gained independence for India through non-violent protest. Influencial and united the Indian population through a nationalism towards a common goal. -
Suez Canal
Artificial waterway in Egypt making transportation easier, connects Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea. Owned and maintained by Egypt. -
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Iran-Iraq War
Began upon Iraq's invasion of Iran by air and land, fought over border disputes and fears of Shia insurgency among Iraq's long supressed Shia majority, aimed to replace Iran as dominant state -
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Mao Zedong and Maoism
Chinese communist revolutionary, marxist political philosopher. Military guiding ideology in Communist China. Founding father of People's Republic of China. -
Period: to
Juan Peron (Argentina)
Argentine military officer and politician, elected as president three times, worked to eliminate poverty and dignify labor -
Period: to
Boxer Rebellion
Proto-nationalist movement in China opposing foreign " Spheres of influence" and Christianity. Grievences ranging from opium traders, political invasion and economic manipulation. Anger rose from "unequal treaties" which the weak Qing state could not resist. Ended with eight-nation alliance victory and Boxer Protocol. -
Aswan Dam
Enbankment dam across Nile River in Egypt controlled flood waters, provide water for irrigation, and generate hydoelectricity which was seen to be pivital for Egypt's industrialization. Impacted econonomy and culture. -
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Panama Canal
Key conduit for international maritime trade, made trips between Pacific and Atlantic twice as fast. -
Period: to
Overthrow of Qing Dynasty
White Lotus Rebellion, broke out amongst impoverished settlers, began as a tax protest, advocated restoration of Ming Dynasty, promised personal salvation to followers. Discontent was obvious in a series of rebellions. -
African National Congress
South Africa's governing political body, supported by its tripartite alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party (SACP) since the establishment of non-racial democracy. -
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WWI
Involved all of world's greatest powers- Allies v. Central, great technological advances in weapons, assassination of Archduke Ferdinand started conflict, League of Nations created, End of Austro Hungarian, Ottoman, Russian and German Empires. -
Russian Revolution
It destroyed the Tsarist autocracy, led to creation of Soviet Union. Tsar replaced by provosional government who were then overtook by the Bolsheviks(communists). Resulted in the end of the Russian Empire, and the start of the Russian Cilvil War. -
Wilson's 14-Point Plan
Speech given by U.S. President. Basis for terms of German surrender, foreign peace policies outlined. -
Treaty of Versailles
It was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the allied powers. Germany takes all the blame. -
Hitler comes to power
Used violence to to advance political objectives, Political party was anti-Marxist and was opposed to the democratic post-war government and against Treaty of Versailles; and it advocated extreme nationalism, the book- Mein Kampf about his struggles made him popular with people, Enabling Act helped him assume dictatorship. -
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League of Nations
Intergovernmental organization, founded as result of Paris Peace Conference ending WWI, precursor to UN, first eprmanent international security maintaining world peace. -
Period: to
Chinese Civil War
Republic of China v. Communist Party of China, led to division- Taiwan and China, no peace treaty. -
Period: to
Stalin's 5-Year Plans
List of economic goals designed to strengthen the country's economy., focus was on heavy industry, rapid industrialization. -
Period: to
Great Depression
Worlwide economic downturn leading up to WWII, started with collapse of stock market in the US, every aspect of human life suffered. -
Period: to
WWII
Fought between Allies and Axis, state of total war- economically, scientifically, and industrially, included Holocaust and sue of nuclear weapons, started when Germany invaded Poland. Resulted in U.S. and Soviets as Superpowers, creation of the U.N., beginning of Cold War. -
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Cold War
Continuing state of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition after WWII, Communism v. Allies, nuclear arms race and space race. -
Creation of Pakistan
Indian Independence Act of 1947 partioned British India into India and Pakistan. Pakistan came about because Jinnah pushed for a Muslim State in Pakistan after Independence. -
Indian Independence
Free of East India Company and British rule through non-violent protests under leadership of Gandhi. Led to the partioning of Pakistan and end of British rule. -
NATO
North American Treaty Organization, consists of 28 member states, intergovernmental military alliance, agree to mutual defense in response to attacks by external forces. -
Period: to
Korean War
Military conflict between South Korea/U.S.A against North Korea/People's Republic of China/USSR, war resulted in division of Korea, escalated when NK invaded SK. -
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Warsaw Pact
Mutual defense treaty between eight communist states, established by USSR in opposition to NATO. -
Period: to
Vietnam War
Military conflict in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, North+USSR v. South+U.S.A, another war on communism. U.S. and allies lost. -
Period: to
Great Leap Forward
Economic and social campaign of Communist Party of China, agrarian to modern communist through agriculturization, industrialization, and collectivization. -
Period: to
Bay of Pigs
Unsuccessful action by U.S. to overthrow Cuban government of Fidel Castro. -
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Berlin Wall
Barrier constructed by German Democratic Republic to keep West Berlin away from outside world(East Berlin), German reunification after fall of wall. -
Period: to
Cuban Missle Crisis
The Cuban and Soviet governments secretly began to build bases in Cuba for nuclear missiles with the ability to strike most of the continental United States. -
Period: to
Helsinki Acccords
Declaration, signed by 35 states including US, Canada and Most European states, attempting to improve relations between Communist bloc and West. -
Period: to
Islamic Revolution
Overthrow of monarchy- Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, replaced with Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini, secular and religious civil resistance campaign. -
Period: to
Iraq-Iran War
Began upon Iraq's invasion of Iran by air and land, fought over border disputes and fears of Shia insurgency among Iraq's long supressed Shia majority, aimed to replace Iran as dominant state. -
Tiananmen Square
Chinese soldiers opened fire on protesters/unarmed citizens under government order. -
Period: to
USSR Disintegrates
Downfall in economy, social structure and political structure, destruction of Soviet Federal Government, and republics of USSR independence, many republics declare themselves sovereign nation-states. Dissolution of the largest communist state marked an end to the cold war. -
Reunification of Germany
German Democratic Republic joined Federal Republic of Germany, Berlin reunited into a single city. -
Period: to
Nelson Mandela
President of South Africa during this period, first African to be elected in a fully representative democratic election, anti-apartheid activist, leader of African National Congress, arrested and convicted, as well as life sentence in prison. After his release, led negotiations to establish democaracy. Fought against poverty and inequalities. -
September 11, 2001
Suicide attacks by Al-Qaeda on the United States, two airliners crashed into twin towers and completely destroyed them within hours, third airliner crashed into The Pentagon, fourth plane crashed into field instead of white house or Capitol. US then responds by launching the War on Terrorism.
