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10% Plan
Lincoln released 10 percent Reconstruction plan which dictated that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of its voters in the presidential election of 1860 had taken an oath of allegiance to the United States and pledged to abide by emancipation. Congress passed a Bill that required that 50% of a state's voters take the oath of allegiance and it demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation.The disagreement between the President and Congress revealed differences in rep -
Black Codes
Black Codes were laws passed by Democrat-controlled Southern states in 1865 and 1866, and ended in 1877 because of the Reconstruction after the Civil War. They regulate the affairs of the emancipated slaves.The Black Codes mocked the idea of freedom and imposed terrible hardships on the blacks who were struggling against mistreatment and poverty to make their way as free people.
The Republicans were strongly opposed to the Black Codes. -
The Freedmen's Bureau
Many freedmen were unskilled, didn't have property or money, and had little knowledge of how to survive as free people, Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau. It provided clothing, medical care, food, and education to both freedmen and white refugees. Union general Oliver O. Howard led the bureau. The bureau's greatest success was teaching blacks to read. Because it was despised by the President and by Southerners, the Freedmen's Bureau expired in 1872. -
14th Amendment
Fearing that Southerners might repeal the Civil Rights Law, Congress passed the 14th Amendment in. It Gave civil rights, including citizenship to freedmen reduced the representation of a state in Congress and in the Electoral College if it denied blacks the right to vote, Disqualified from federal and state offices former Confederates who, had once sworn to support the Constitution of the United States; 4) Guaranteed the federal debt, while the Union assumed all Confederate debts. -
The Ku Klux Klan
The "Invisible Empire of the South", otherwise known as the Ku Klux Klan, was founded in Tennessee in 1866. It was formed by disgruntled white Southerners who were angered by the success of black legislators. The group worked through intimidation.
Congress passed the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871 in response to murders that the Klan had committed. The Acts enabled Federal troops to stop the atrocities of the Ku Klux Klan. -
Radical Reconstruction in the South
After gaining the right to vote from the 15th Amendment, blacks began to organize politically. They were strong participators in the Union League. Freedmen turned the Union League into a network of political clubs that educated members and campaigned for Republican candidates. The League also built black churches and schools, and recruited militias to protect black communities from white retaliation.From 1868-1876, blacks began to hold major offices in government. -
President Grant
The Republicans nominated General Grant for the presidency in 1868. The Republican Party supported the continued Reconstruction of the South, while Grant stood on the platform of "just having peace."The Democrats nominated Horatio Seymour.
Grant won the election of 1868. -
15th Amendment
While the 15th amendment granted black men the right to vote, women were angered that they were not included -
The Liberal Republican Revolt
The Liberal Republican Party was formed in 1872 in response to the political corruption in Washington and their dissatisfaction with military Reconstruction. It caused the Republican Congress to pass a general amnesty act in 1872, removing political restrictions from most of the former Confederate leaders. Congress also reduced high Civil War tariffs and gave mild civil-service reform to the Grant administration.