-
The official document formed to declare independence from Britain. -
The Articles of Confederation is a document that was made after the U.S. claimed independence to decide how the country would be run. -
The Constitution is a document made to replace the Articles of Confederation. It introduces a new way of running the country, and is still in effect today. -
The Era of Dual Federalism is when federal and state governments divide their power -
The Bill of Rights is known as the first ten amendments to the Constitution. These ten rights are created specially to protect the people. -
The First Amendment protects the rights to religion, speech, the press, petitioning the government, and assembly -
The Second Amendment gives the right to citizens to bear arms -
The Third Amendment keeps soldiers from staying in citizens homes without their consent -
The Fourth Amendment keeps people from being unreasonably stopped and searched -
The Sixth Amendment gives the right to a fast and public trial -
The Fifth Amendment provides the right to a jury trial, the right to a fair trial, protection from double jeopardy, and protection from self-incrimination -
The Seventh Amendment gives the right to a jury in a civil case -
The Eighth Amendment protects citizens from cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail and fines -
The Ninth Amendment says that the rights in the Constitution do not limit other rights of the people -
The Tenth Amendment says the government can only use the powers listed in the Constitution, and that all other powers belong to the states or the people -
The 11th Amendment says that courts cannot hear certain cases where a citizen sues the state -
Marbury v Madison was a Supreme Court case that established judicial review -
The 12th Amendment says that the vice president and president have to have separate votes casted on them -
McCulloch v. Maryland was a Supreme Court case that allowed Congress the power to establish a national bank -
Gibbons v Ogden says that the federal government has full power over interstate commerce -
Dred Scott v Sandford was a Supreme Court case that stated slaves were not citizens of the U.S. -
The Emancipation Proclamation was ordered by the president at the time, Abraham Lincoln, to free all slaves in Confederate territory -
The 13th Amendment abolishes slavery -
The 14th Amendment grants citizenship to everyone born in the U.S. or naturalized -
The 15th Amendment gives the right to vote regardless of race -
Plessy v Ferguson established the separate but equal doctrine -
The 16th Amendment gives Congress the power to collect taxes -
The 17th Amendment states the rules for senate elections -
The 18th Amendment made a ban on alcohol, but was later repealed -
The 19th Amendment gives the right to vote regardless of sex -
The Era of Fiscal Federalism was when all governments shared funding and responsibilities -
The 20th Amendment addresses the beginning and ending of the terms of the president, vice president, and members of Congress -
The 21st Amendment ends the ban on alcohol -
Korematsu v. United States was a Supreme Court case that allowed the interment of Japanese American citizens during wartime, but it was later overturned -
The 22nd Amendment limits the president to two terms -
Brown v Board of Education was a Supreme Court case that ruled segregation in public schools is unconstitutional -
The 23rd Amendment allows District citizens to vote for president and vice president -
Mapp v Ohio was a Supreme Court case that decided illegally obtained evidence could not be used in a trial -
Engel v Vitale was a Supreme Court case that ruled against official school prayers -
The 24th Amendment abolishes poll taxes -
The Voting Rights Act stated that discrimination in voting was no longer allowed -
Miranda v. Arizona was a Supreme Court case that requires individuals being arrested to be informed of their rights against self-incrimination and to an attorney -
The 25th Amendment says that if anything happens to the president, the vice president can step into office -
Loving v Virginia was a Supreme Court case that ruled interracial marriage is a Constitutional right -
The Era of New Federalism is giving power from federal government back to the states -
The 26th Amendment sets the voting age to 18 or older -
Roe v Wade was a Supreme Court case that ruled abortions a Constitutional right -
Economic Recovery Tax Act made a major tax cut to encourage economic growth -
United States v Lopez was a Supreme Court case that struck down the Gun-Free School Zones Act because Congress cannot regulate interstate commerce -
The 27th Amendment keeps members of Congress from giving themselves raises