timeline research

By teamcoolidk

  • Brown v. Board of Education

    Brown v. Board of Education
    A consolidation of five cases into one, is decided by the Supreme Court, effectively ending racial segregation in public schools. Many schools, however, remained segregated.

  • montgomery bus boycott

    The montgomery bus boycott was a protest following the arrest of Rosa Parks.

  • Rosa Parks Bus Incident

    Rosa Parks Bus Incident
    Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat for a white man on a bus. This prompts the Montgomery bus boycott.

  • Civil Rights leaders meet up to protest

    Sixty Black pastors and civil rights leaders from several southern states—including Martin Luther King Jr.—meet in Atlanta, Georgia to coordinate nonviolent protests against racial discrimination and segregation.

  • Little Rock Nine

    Nine Black students known as the “Little Rock Nine” are blocked from integrating into Little Rock Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. President Dwight D. Eisenhower eventually sends federal troops to escort the students, however, they continue to be harassed.

  • Eisenhower signs Civil Rights Act

    Eisenhower signs Civil Rights Act
    Eisenhower signs the Civil Rights Act of 1957 into law to help protect voter rights. The law allows federal prosecution of those who suppress another’s right to vote.

  • The New Orleans school desegregation crisis

    Schools in New Orleans were pushing to get schools desegregation, which ended up in a lot more racial violence.

  • Freedom riders

    On mothers day in 1961, a bus was attacked by white supremacists which ended up in people being beaten bloody. After this event, people who were the freedom riders started riding interstate buses in the South in mixed racial groups to challenge local laws or customs that enforced segregation in seating

  • March on washington for jobs and freedom

    On August 28, 1963, protesters went and marched for Kennedy to pass a federal civil rights bill in congress. This was where Martin Luther King had his “I had a dream speech”

  • 16th Street Baptist Church bombing

    On September 15, 1963, the congregation of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama was bombed where four little girls were killed

  • Plessy v. Ferguson

    The supreme court ruled Plessy v. Ferguson, which made segregation legal since different races had “separate but equal” facilities.

  • Griggs v. Duke Power Co.

    Ruled that the use of tests to determine employment that were not substantially related to job performance and that had a disparate impact on racial minorities violated Title VII (North Carolina)

  • Phillips v. Martin Marietta

    Ruled that not hiring mothers of preschool-aged children while hiring fathers of preschool-aged children violated Title VII; the first sex discrimination case to go to the U.S. Supreme Court (Florida)

  • Desegregation of Public Facilities

    Permitted the U.S. Justice Department to sue to secure desegregation of certain public facilities owned, operated, or managed by any state or subdivision of a state.

  • Desegregation of Public Schools

    Authorized the U.S. Attorney General to receive complaints alleging denials of equal protection, to investigate those complaints, and to file suit in U.S. District Court to seek desegregation of the school. Also authorized the Secretary of Education to provide funds to school boards to assist their desegregation efforts.

  • Lau v. Nichols

    Ruled a school that accepted federal funds and did not provide adequate English courses or other educational benefits to students of Chinese ancestry, who did not speak English, violated Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (California)

  • Cannon v. University of Chicago

    Determined that Title VI created a private remedy as well as authorized the withholding of federal funds from education programs that discriminated on the basis of race (Illinois)

  • Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc.

    Ruled that sex discrimination consisting of same-sex sexual harassment is actionable under Title VII (Louisiana)

  • Alexander v. Sandoval

    Determined that Title VI only authorized private remedies for lawsuits based on intentional discrimination and not on evidence of disparate impact (Alabama)

  • Gratz v. Bollinger

    Held that discrimination, which violates Equal Protection Clause of Fourteenth Amendment, committed by an institution that accepts federal funds also constitutes violation of Title VI (Michigan)

  • Ricci v. DeStefano

    Held that New Haven officials violated Title VII by ignoring results of a test in which white firefighters performed better than black and Latino firefighters (Connecticut)