timeline project

seventh crusade

1250

the seventh crusade ended (1250 AD)

invasion of Italy

1251

King Conrad IV of Germany invades Italy, but fails to subdue the supporters of Pope Innocent IV.

assassination

1252

Saint Peter of Verona is assassinated by Carino of Balsamo.

campaign against the nizari

1253

Mongol forces under Hulagu Khan begin a campaign against the Nizari Ismaili State.

Battle of Adrianople

1254

Byzantine forces under Emperor Theodore II (Laskaris) defeat the invading Bulgarians near Andrianople.

Emperor Theodore ll

1255

Emperor Theodore II (Laskaris), who is in exile in the Empire of Nicaea, conducts a military campaign to recover Thrace from the Bulgarians.

Mongol campaign

1256

Mongol forces (some 80,000 men) under Hulagu Khan cross the Oxus River and begin their campaign to destroy the remaining Muslim states in southwestern Asia.

volcano eruption

1257

a massive volcano erupted, spreading ash all over the world. The explosion was so big that scientists can see its chemical signal as far away as the Arctic and Antarctic.

siege of Baghdad

1258

The siege of Baghdad was a siege that took place in Baghdad in 1258, lasting for 13 days from January 29, 1258 until February 10, 1258.

surrender

1259

The Goryeo Kingdom in Korea surrenders to invading Mongol forces. The Chinese era Kaiqing begins and ends, in the Northern Song Dynasty of China.

Battle of Ain Jalut in Galilee

1260

Battle of Ain Jalut in Galilee. The Mamluks defeat the Mongols, marking their first decisive defeat, and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.

constantinople

1261

In 1261, the Greeks regained control of Constantinople from the Crusaders, who had assaulted the city in 1204.

the mongol vs the Ilkhanate forces

1262

the Mongol empire defeats the Ilkhanate forces on the Terek River, together with the Mamluk army led by Baibars

battle of Largs

1263

Battle of Largs. Scottish forces under Alexander Stewart rout a Viking invasion force led by Haakon IV at Largs in North Ayrshire.

the battle of lewis

1264

The Battle of Lewis was fought on 14th May 1264, between the forces of a number of rebel Barons led by Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, and the army of King Henry III , on the downs to the north-west of the town of Lewes.

end of Hungarian civil war

1265

End of the Hungarian Civil War (1264–1265), Younger King Stephen decisively defeats his father's army at the Battle of Isaszeg.

Manfred is killed

1266

Manfred is killed and Pope Clement IV invests Charles as ruler of Sicily and Naples. Meanwhile, Michael II, despot of Epirus, invades Albania and recovers the lands that Manfred has taken from him.

the second Baron's war

1267

The Second Barons' War in England ends, as the rebels and King Henry III of England agree to peace terms, as laid out in the Dictum of Kenilworth.

the Cilicia earthquake

1268

Cilicia earthquake. It occurred northeast of the city of Adana in 1268. Over 60,000 people perished in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in southern Asia Minor.

ending of the Almohad Caliphate.

1269

Berber forces of the Marinid Sultanate under Abu Yusuf Yaqub complete the conquest of Morocco and capture Marrakesh after a long siege, effectively ending the Almohad Caliphate.

King Louis IX dies

1270

King Louis IX of France dies while besieging the city of Tunis, possibly due to poor quality drinking water.

Abaqa Khan helps Edward l

1271

Abaqa Khan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate, detaches some 10,000 horsemen from Anatolia to support Edward I in his war against Baibars. They invade Syria and defeat Mamluk forces who protect the region around Aleppo. The Mongols plunder the cities of Maarat al-Numan and Apamea.

the great interregnum ended

1273

1273 AD Hapsburg Dynasty Established- The great Interregnum ended. It had been in existence since 1254 when the last Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire died.

battle of Bun'ei

1274

Battle of Bun'ei: Forces of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty of China invade Japan. After conquering the Japanese settlements on Tsushima and Iki islands, Kublai Khan's fleet moves on to Japan and lands at Hakata Bay.

British earthquake

1275

British earthquake: The earthquake struck the south of Great Britain. The epicentre is unknown, although it may have been in the Portsmouth-Chichester area on the south coast of England or in Glamorgan, Wales.

pope Gregory X dies

1276

Pope Gregory X dies after a 4-year pontificate at Arezzo. He is succeeded by Innocent V as the 185th pope of the Catholic Church.

title

1277

Edward I invaded Wales and forced Llywelyn ap Gruffyd, Prince of Wales, to pay homage. In 1282, Llywelyn and his brother Dafydd rebelled against Edward, who defeated and killed them both.

Charles l

1278

Charles I is crowned King of Jerusalem, and is recognized by the kingdom's barons at Acre. He surrenders the vicariate of Tuscany to Nicholas III

Kublai Khan

1279

Kublai Khan becomes sole emperor of China.

Kublia Khan- Kublai Khan

1280

Kublia Khan- Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, founded the Yuan dynasty in China.

battle of horns

1281

Battle of Homs: In a pitched battle, Mamluk forces (30,000 men led by Qalawun destroy the Mongol center,

massacre of the French

1282

massacre of the French with which the Sicilians began their revolt against Charles I, Angevin king of Naples and Sicily;

Dafydd ap Gruffydd

1283

Dafydd ap Gruffydd (or David), prince of Wales, is found guilty of high treason and sentenced to death.

St John

1284

the day of St John and St Paul – 130 children – born in Hamelin – were led out of the town by a piper wearing multicoloured clothes.

Pope Martin

1285

Pope Martin IV dies after a 4-year pontificate in Perugia. He is succeeded by Honorius IV, who becomes the 190th pope of the Catholic Church.

King Alexander lll

1286

King Alexander III dies in a fall from his horse at Kinghorn in Fife, leaving Queen Yolande of Dreux's unborn child and the 3-year-old Margaret (Maid of Norway) as heirs to the throne.

Lucia's flood

1287

Lucia's flood in the Netherlands, kills thousands and reshapes the coastline of the Netherlands and England.

battle of Bach Dang

1288

Battle of Bạch Đằng: Đại Việt (Vietnamese) general Trần Hưng Đạo sinks the fleet of an invading Mongol-led Yuan expeditionary army

Florence

1289

Florence becomes the dominant power in Central Italy

Jewish

1290

In 1290, the entire Jewish population of England (about 3,000 people) was expelled from the country on the orders of Edward I.

the fall of Acre

1291

The fall of Acre signals the end of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. No effective Crusade is raised to recapture the Holy Land afterward.

King Mangrai

1292

King Mangrai (the Great) of Ngoenyang conquers and annexes the Mon kingdom of Hariphunchai, creating a political union in the form of the Lanna Kingdom.

an earthquake in Kamakura

1293

An earthquake in Kamakura, Japan kills an estimated 23,000.

pope Celestine

1294

Pope Celestine V succeeds Nicholas IV, becoming the 192nd pope.

battle of Maes Moydog

1295

Battle of Maes Moydog: English forces led by William de Beauchamp defeat the Welsh rebels, near the modern-day town of Llanfair Caereinion, in Wales.

king edward

1296

Capture of Berwick: King Edward I of England storms and captures Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking what is at this time a Scottish border town, with much bloodshed.

william wallace

1297

William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader, leads an uprising against the English at Lanark and kills Sheriff William Hesselrig.

mongol invasion

1298

Mongol invasion of India: Mongol forces led by Qutlugh Khwaja invade the Sindh region of the Delhi Sultanate and occupy the castle of Sivistan

The Ottoman Empire

1299

The Ottoman Empire began in 1299 after an Oguz warrior named Ertugrul and his son, Osman Gazi, arrived at the Empire of Rum in Anatolia (Asia Minor) from Central Asia.

Mali Empire

1300

Mali Empire reaches its height in Africa under King Mansa Musa. The beginning of the Renaissance in Italy

king Andrew lll

1301

With the death of King Andrew III (the Venetian) (probably poisoned), the Árpád Dynasty in Hungary ends.

Sultan Muhammad ll

1302

Sultan Muhammad II dies after a 29-year reign and is succeeded by his son Muhammad III as ruler of Granada.

Earthquake

1303

1303 Crete earthquake: An earthquake destroys the Lighthouse of Alexandria in Egypt, one of the Seven wonders of the World.

Scottish

1304

War of Scottish Independence: Scottish nobles led by Robert the Bruce and John Comyn , negotiate a peace treaty with King Edward I. His terms are accepted, and the Scots submit to English rule.

William Wallace

1305

William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader and knight, is captured by English troops led by John de Menteith.

Robert Bruce

1306

In 1306 Robert Bruce took up the cause of Scottish independence and was crowned King of Scots at Scone.

France

1307

In 1307, many of the Order's members in France were arrested, tortured into giving false confessions, and then burned at the stake.

Aragonese

1308

Aragonese forces led by King James II land on the coast of Almería, beginning the Siege of Almería.

the papal

1309

The papal seat becomes part of the Holy Roman Empire – rather than in Rome. This absence from Rome is referred to as the "Babylonian captivity of the Papacy".

Warangal

1310

Siege of Warangal: Delhi forces led by Malik Kafur conquer the fortress of Warangal after a month-long siege.