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Martin Luther, a german monk and a professor in theology denounce the indulgences and nailed his critique of them to the door of the University of Wittenburg -
The New Testament is translated into English by William Tyndale -
Henry VIII want to divorce Catherine of Aragon because she first has been married with his brother Arthur who died in 1502 and the Old Testament forbide the marriage of man with his brother's wife. Another reason he gave was that she didn't give him any male heir. But the true reason is that he wanted to marry Ann Boleyn because he was in love with her.
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Because he did it without the Pope agreement Ann Boleyn is not considered as her wife and Henry is excommunicated
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The king was made "Supreme Head of the Church of England"
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the greater one followed two years later -
monasteries were disbanded and the Crown appropriated their income and land (which makes 25% of the land). All valuables were confiscated and melted down
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They were soon made mandatory in every church
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The Pope instructed the English Catholics to not attend Anglican Churches services
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Roman Catholic practices were eradicated The marriage of clergy was allowed The imposition of the Prayer book led to rebellionsin Cornwall and Devon. -
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Because Mary Tudor was against Protestantism and wanted to bring Catholicism back protestants were considered as heretics and were burned down. Under her reign over 200 Protestants were burnt alive. Protestants were forced to flee the country, thry were the "Marian exiles".
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her death was greeted as she turned the nation against her. Before dying she asked Elizabeth to carry the Catholic reforms. she said the the would "follow God's will".
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- Every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer
- people who didn't attand an Anglican service were fined.
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- Abolished the authority of the Pope
- restaured the Queen's authority over the Church
- She became "Supreme Governor of the Church of England"
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3 important changes : a new ecclisiology, a new doctrine of Salvation, a new definition of sacrements and of the mass
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in response in 1571 the Treasons Act is made were it made treason to say that Elizabeth was not thetrue Queen of England and Wales -
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- it provided the death penalty for any per converted to Catholisism
- it was now forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic Mass
- Anglican services were compulsory : £20 per month fine.
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Young Catholics ha sworn to kill Elizabeth and put
Mary Stuart on the throne but but their strategies were discovered by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a coded letter between Marie Stuart and this group. -
She was executed in 1587 in Fotheringham Castle, wearing a bright red dress, the colour of Catholic martyrs. -
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