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711
Battle of Guadalete
confrontation between the Visigoth kingdom (reigned Don Rodrigo) and the troops of the Muslim kingdom by Táriq ibn Ziyad. When king Witiza died there were many succesors and one of them called Agila asked for help to the muslims. The muslims sent trops and they beat his opponent (Rodrigo) The muslims occupate the Iberian Peninsula and called it Al-Andalus -
Period: 711 to 756
Dependent Emirate of Cordoba
during the Caliphate of Damascus the Umayyad family ruled the Emirate.
Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, led by Táriq ibn Ziyad. -
722
Battle of Covadonga
It was considered the beginning of the reconquista, happened in Asturias, the Christian leader Don Pelayo organized the army in the Asturian mountains, a small Christian army defeat a much larger Muslim army sent by the governor of Al-Ándalus (Al-Qama) -
732
Battle of Poitiers
Abd al-Rahman died and his army returned back, marking the end of Islamic expansion in the western Europe. -
756
Independent Emirate (756)
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Period: 756 to 930
Independent Emirate
was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty. It was established after the arrival of Abd al-Rahman I, an Umayyad prince who escaped the massacre of his family in Damascus, following the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate to the Abbasids in 750. -
778
Battle of Roncesvalles
It took place in the Pyrenees, the Basque army (commanded by Roldan) attacked the kingdom of Charlemagne while returning to France after an expedition in the Iberian Peninsula. -
Period: 929 to 1031
Caliphate of Córdoba
Was founded by Abd al-Rahman III, he named himself caliph to achieve his independence from the Abbasid caliphate of Baghdad and the Fatimids of Africa.
Before Cordoba became a caliphate, it was an emirate ruled by the Umayyad dynasty -
1031
1031 territories
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Period: 1035 to 1086
Taifa's Kingdoms
The kingdoms of taifas were Muslim states that appear after the fall of the Caliphate of Cordoba in 1031. They were formed due to the fighting between the Arabs, Berbers and Slavs after the fall of the caliphate. The Al-Andalus was divided into 20-30 taifas ruled by different local dynasties. The most powerful taifas were: Sevilla, Córdoba, Zaragoza, Toledo, Granada, Valencia and Badajoz. The need of territories made taifas weak for the Christian kingdoms, which were in the Reconquest. -
Period: 1086 to 1146
Almoravids
The Almoravids were a Muslim Berber dynasty that came from North Africa, they were born in Mauritania and Sahara and they had a lot of religious and military power. In the 11th century the taifas were weak by the fall of the caliphate of Cordoba. After the threat of the Christians from the north, the taifas called for help to the Almoravids. In 1086, the Almoravids, under the led of Yusuf ibn Tashfin, conquered the Christians and decided to occupy the Taifas kingdoms -
Period: 1146 to 1212
Almohads
The Almohads conquered much of Morocco and their military domination led them to cross al-andalus. The Almohads came to Al-Andalus in 1146, taking the kingdoms of taifas and establishing an extremist religious power of Islam. -
1195
Battle of Alarcos
It was between the King Alfonso VIII of Castile and the Almohad Caliph Ya qūb al-Mansūr. It was a great Christian defeat, where the Castilian army was defeated by the Almohad forces near Ciudad Real. -
1212
Battle Navas de Tolosa
In this battle, the Christian kingdoms of Castile, Aragon and Navarre faced the Almohad Empire, led by Caliph Muhammad an-Nasir. The Christian army, led by King Alfonso VIII, defeated the Muslim army. This led to the Christian kingdoms advancing south and important cities like sevilla and cordoba fell. -
Period: 1238 to 1494
(Nasri) Kingdom of Granada
It was the last Muslim state in the Iberian peninsula, it was founded by Al-Ahmar of the Nazari dynasty. They maintained alliances and tributes with the Christian kingdoms to secure their position. In 1492 after the war of Granada, the last Nasrid king (Boabdil) gave the kingdom to the catholic kings putting an end to the reconquista. -
1492
Nasri Kingdom in 1492
